Testing large tables 6-26-26 | FDLP

Large Table


Term	Definition	URL	Alpha
AALL	American Association of Law Libraries	https://www.aallnet.org/	A
Access	(1) Services and functions that allow users to determine the existence, description, location, and availability of content, and request delivery of content and metadata or business process information. See also discoverability. (2) Availability of depository resources in a library or online for any member of the general public to use at no cost.		A
Access Content Packages (ACP)	An information package that includes renditions of content and metadata that are optimized for access and delivery.		A
Access Copy	A digital publication whose characteristics (for example, a screen optimized PDF file) are designed for ease or speed of access rather than preservation. See also derivative.		A
Access Rights	Rights for reaching or using the library collection. For the electronic collection, this implies that the library has secured permanent or temporary access for its users by law, license, or other contractual and/or co-operative agreement.		A
Access Time	Time needed to confirm availability and location of requested data and start the process of returning data to the user.		A
Accessibility	(1) Making tools and content available and usable for all users including those with disabilities. (2) The degree to which the public is able to retrieve or obtain Government Publications, either through the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) or directly through a digital information service established and maintained by a Government agency or its authorized agent or other delivery channels, in a useful format or medium and in a time frame whereby the information has utility.		A
Accredited Law School	Any law school which is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association approved by the Commissioner of Education for such purpose or accredited by the highest appellate court of the State in which the law school is located.		A
ACP	Access Content Package		A
Acquisition	Obtaining resources necessary to perform business activities. Acquisition implies a cost of resources, and is not necessarily financial.		A
Acquisition, Classification and Shipment Information System (ACSIS)	The legacy system that maintained acquisition and brief bibliographic records on the publications included in the FDLP or the C&I program, or other publications researched by LSCM staff as potential inclusions for the FDLP.		A
ACRL	Association of College & Research Libraries	https://www.ala.org/acrl/	A
ACSIS	Acquisition, Classification and Shipment Information System		A
ADA	Americans with Disabilities Act		A
ADDS	The legacy system formerly used for distribution processes, sometimes referred to as the Lighted Bins. Decommissioned in 2012.		A
ADDS	Automated Depository Distribution System (?)		A
Adds and Drops	Item numbers that are newly selected on a library's selection profile are known as adds and item numbers that are newly deselected on a library's selection profile are known as drops. See select and deselect. See also designation and relinquishing depository designation for libraries joining and leaving the program.		A
Administrative Metadata	Metadata which records responsibility, rights, and other information for managing the content. See also metadata.		A
Agency	Agency means any Federal Government department, including any military department, independent regulatory agency, Government corporation, Government controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive, legislative, or judicial branch.		A
Agency Strategic Programs & GovInfo (ASPG)	The GPO office responsible for the development, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and communication of the agency's strategic initiatives. Formerly Programs, Strategy, and Technology (PST).		A
AILA	American Indian Library Association		A
ALA	American Library Association	https://www.ala.org	A
Alert	A notification sent to current user of the system via the GUI (e.g., a pop-up).		A
Alpha Testing	Testing that validates that the system meets the mission and business needs for the capabilities allocated to that release that involve internal testers. This is the next-to-last test and is part of the decision for determining if the system is ready to be deployed to beta testers. See also beta testing.		A
Alphabetical List of Government Authors	An alphabetical listing of the current names of active authoring agencies as used in the List of Classes. Formerly published as Appendix I in the List of Classes, the Alphabetical List of Government Authors is one of the List of Classes data files available on FDLP.gov.		A
Ambiguity	The haziness of reality, the potential for misreads, and the mixed meanings of conditions; cause-and-effect confusion. See also VUCA.		A
American Standard Code for Information Exchange (ASCII)	American Standard Code for Information Exchange, ASCII is an international standard in which numbers, letters, punctuation marks, symbols, and control codes are assigned numbers from 0 to 127.		A
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)	A federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in everyday activities. The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability just as other civil rights laws prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion. The ADA guarantees that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else to enjoy employment opportunities, purchase goods and services, and participate in state and local government programs.		A
API	Application Programming Interface		A
Application Programming Interface (API)	An interface implemented by a software program to enable interaction with other software, much in the same way that a user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers.		A
Application Security	The protection of application data and systems against unauthorized access to or modification of information, whether in storage, processing, or transit, and against denial of service to authorized user or the provision of service to unauthorized users, including those measures necessary to detect, document, and counter such threats at the application level. See also security.		A
Approved Law School	A law school that appears on the list of law schools approved by the American Bar Association. It may be provisional or full approval to be included on the list.		A
Archive (noun)	A collection with related systems and services, organized to emphasize the long-term preservation of information.		A
Archive (verb)	To place or store something in an archive.		A
ARL	Association of Research Libraries	https://www.arl.org/	A
ASCII	American Standard Code for Information Exchange		A
askGPO	A web application to provide libraries and the public an opportunity to ask questions regarding GPO services and get answers from directly from GPO staff. See https://ask.gpo.gov/s/	https://ask.gpo.gov/s/	A
ASPG	Agency Strategic Programs and GovInfo		A
Attribute	A feature or characteristic; a property. Often used to describe the nature of electronic data. For example, a data value's attributes may include its data type (numeric, character, or date), range of values, or length.		A
Audiovisual Production	A unified presentation, developed according to a plan or script, containing visual imagery, sound, or both, and used to convey information.		A
Authentic	Describes content that is verified by GPO to be complete and unaltered when compared to the version approved or published by the content originator.		A
Authenticate	To confirm the identity of an entity when that identity is presented.		A
Authentication	Validation of a user, a computer, or some digital object to ensure that it is what it claims to be. In the specific context of GovInfo, the assurance that an object is as the author or issuer intended it. See also certification.		A
Authenticity	A digital publication's identity, source, ownership, and/or other attributes are verified.		A
Authorized User	A user who has been granted permission to use the system.		A
Authorizing Official	Head of the originating agency or designee.		A
Automated Harvesting	The use of technology tools and services that extract information products from websites in order to preserve their original structure and functionality. See also manual harvesting.		A
Availability	The degree to which information is obtainable through an intentional or unintentional provision of information and services.		A
BABOK	The Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge		B
Backup	Making copies of data so that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after a data loss event.		B
Bar Chart	A chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart. A bar chart shows comparisons among discrete categories.4 See also Gantt Chart.		B
Baseline	(1) The approved version of a work product that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results. (2) An initial reference or measure for assessing change and impact.		B
Basic Collection	See FDLP Basic Collection		B
Benefit	The value or outcome of actions, behaviors, products, or services that provide utility to the sponsoring organization well as to the program's intended beneficiaries. The value is not necessarily financial.		B
Beta Testing	Testing that validates that the system meets the mission and business needs for the capabilities allocated to that release that involve end users. This is the last test and is part of the decision for determining if the system is ready to be deployed to the public. This testing involves real-world, internal exposure or operation to the system. See also alpha testing.		B
BIBCO	Monographic Bibliographic Record Cooperative Program		B
BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework)	A data model for bibliographic description. BIBFRAME was designed to replace the MARC standards and to use linked date principles to make bibliographic data more useful both within and outside the library community.		B
Bibliographic Access	Ability to identify and find an information object that has been brought under bibliographic control.		B
Bibliographic Control	Standardized description of an information object recorded in a system.		B
Bibliographic Record	An entry being a uniform representation and description of a specific content item in a bibliographic database or ILS containing data elements required for its identification and retrieval, as well as additional supporting information, presented in a formalized bibliographic format. GPO's ILS uses the standard MARC for the input of our bibliographic records.7		B
Biennial Survey of Depository Libraries	The tool for depository libraries to report their condition to the Superintendent of Documents as required in 44 USC § 1909.		B
Book Number	See SuDoc class suffix.		B
Born Digital	Digital objects, created in a digital environment, with the potential of multiple output products, including hard copy, electronic presentation, and digital media.		B
BPI	Business Process Improvement		B
BPM	Business Process Management		B
BPR	Business Process Re-engineering		B
Browse	To explore a body of information on the basis of the organization of the collections or by scanning lists.		B
Bureau	A subordinate office of an agency.		B
Business Analysis Body of Knowledge (BABOK)	The Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge is the standard for the practice of business analysis and is for professionals who perform business analysis tasks.11		B
Business Process Improvement (BPI)	A collection of methodologies that proactively identify, analyze, and improve on standards and processes in place in an organization. Business Process Improvement is generally more incremental than Business Process Re-engineering.		B
Business Process Management (BPM)	The discipline in which people use various methods to discover, model, analyze, measure, improve, optimize, and automate business processes.		B
By-Law Distribution	GPO administers the dissemination of certain tangible publications as specified by public law. Under Title 44 of the United States Code, GPO is required to provide copies of publications to certain Federal agencies.		B
C&I	See Cataloging and Indexing Program		C
Catalog of U.S. Government Publications (CGP)	The finding tool for electronic and print publications from the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of the U.S. government. The CGP contains descriptive records for historical and current publications and provides direct links to those that are online.		C
Cataloging	The process of creating standardized bibliographic records that describe an information product (digital or tangible) that allows for discovery and retrieval of the resource. MARC is the standard format for these records.		C
Cataloging and Indexing Program (C&I)	A statutory program to create a comprehensive index of public documents including every document issued or published, not confidential in character, established by 44 USC § 1710 - 1711.		C
Cataloging in Publication (CIP)	A Cataloging in Publication record (aka CIP data) is a bibliographic record prepared by the Library of Congress for a book that has not yet been published. When the book is published, the publisher includes the CIP data on the copyright page thereby facilitating book processing for libraries and book dealers.		C
Cataloging Record Distribution Program (CRDP)	Provides GPO produced catalog records to participating Federal depository libraries at no cost to the libraries; GPO contracts for bibliographic record services for CRDP participants. Discontinued in 2025.		C
CCB	Change Control Board		C
CCP	FDLP Coordinator Certificate Program		C
CD-ROM	Compact Disc Read-Only Memory		C
Certificate Authority	A trusted third party that issues digital certificates for use by other parties. See also digital certificate.		C
Certification	(1) Proof of verification, validation, or authority. Process associated with ensuring that a digital object is authentically the content issued by the author or issuer. (2) An assessment against a known standard.		C
Certified	Providing proof or verification of authenticity or official status.		C
CFR	Code of Federal Regulations		C
CG	Cataloging Guidelines		C
CGP	Catalog of U.S. Government Publications		C
CGP on GitHub	A Repository of cataloging/metadata resources extracted from bibliographic records of the Catalog of U.S. Government Publications (CGP).		C
CGP System Number	A system generated unique identification number for each bibliographic record in GPO's integrated library system.		C
CGP's "Catalogs to Search"	Provides searchable interface that allows users to limit their searches to certain subsets of CGP records. Examples: Congressional Publications, Internet publications, historic shelflist.		C
Chain of Custody	Physical possession or intellectual ownership of content. Provides details of changes of ownership or custody that are significant in terms of authenticity, integrity, and official status.		C
CIP	Cataloging in Publication.		C
Claim	The process for a Federal depository library to request a replacement copy for the non-receipt of selected items missing from their shipment box.		C
Claims Copies	Extra copies of publication stock beyond what is required to fulfill depository orders, acquired for the purpose of fulfilling claims from depository libraries.		C
CNI	Coalition for Networked Information		C
CO	Contracting Officer		C
Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS)	A prepackaged solution available in the marketplace which address all or most of the common needs of a large group of buyers of those solutions. A commercial off-the-shelf solution may require some configuration to meet the specific needs of the enterprise.		C
Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM)	Computer based information storage and retrieval medium based on laser technology that contains data in text and/or multimedia formats. See also tangible electronic publication.		C
Complete (digital content)	Online versions of Government information dissemination products whose content includes the entirety of the content of the tangible product.		C
Complexity	The multiplex of forces, the confounding of issues, no cause-and-effect chain and confusion that surrounds organization. See also VUCA.		C
Concept of Operations (ConOps)	A user-oriented document that describes system characteristics for a proposed system from the users' viewpoint. The ConOps document is used to communicate the overall quantitative and qualitative system characteristics to the user, buyer, developer and other organizational elements (e.g. training, facilities, staffing and maintenance). It is used to describe the user organization(s) mission(s) and organizational objectives from an integrated systems point of view. (IEEE Guide for Information Technology)		C
Conformance	A general concept of delivering results that fall within the limits that define acceptable variation for a quality requirement.		C
ConOps	Concept of Operations		C
CONSER	Cooperative Online Serials Program		C
Content	The intellectual substance of a work, including text, data, symbols, numerals, images, and sound.		C
Content Management Lifecycle	The ability and processes used to create, ingest, process, manage, preserve, access, search, disseminate, and dispose content.		C
Content Originator	The original source of the material submitted to GPO for printing or production of a digital information product.		C
Content Package (OAIS)	A file or group of related files composed of content/data object and its metadata.		C
Content Unit	Content matter defined and treated as a single entity (e.g. publication, video, audio of the State of the Union Address). See also document, piece.		C
Context Diagrams	A visual depiction of the product scope showing a business system (process, equipment, computer system, etc.) and how people and other systems (actors) interact with it.		C
Contingency	An event or occurrence that could affect the execution of the project that may be accounted for with a reserve.		C
Contingency Plan	A plan designed to take a possible future event or circumstance into account. For example, a library would develop a contingency plan for providing services during a building renovation.		C
Contingency Reserve	Time or money allocated in the schedule or cost baseline for known risks with active response strategies.		C
Contingency Response Strategies	Responses provided which may be used in the event that a specific trigger occurs.		C
Continuity of Operations (COOP)	A documented plan that details how an individual organization will ensure it can continue to perform its essential functions during a wide range of events that affect normal operations. Some organizations call this a Continuity plan.		C
Contract	A mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified product or service or result and obligates the buyers to pay for it. See also Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).		C
Contracting Officer (CO)	A person with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings.		C
Contracting Officer's Representative (COR)	An individual designated and authorized in writing by the contracting officer to perform specific technical or administrative functions.		C
Controlled Vocabulary	A carefully selected list of words and phrases, which are used to tag units of information so that they may be more easily retrieved by a search. Controlled vocabularies ensure consistency and reduce ambiguity inherent in normal human languages where the same concept can be given different names. See also natural language.		C
Converted Content	Digital content created from a tangible publication.		C
COOP	Continuity of Operations		C
Cooperative Efforts	The activities libraries undertake to participate effectively with GPO, libraries in the FDLP, and other stakeholders.		C
Cooperative Publication	Publications excluded from GPO's dissemination programs because they are produced with non-appropriated funds or must be sold in order to be self-sustaining. (44 U.S.C. §1903)		C
Coordinator	See depository coordinator.		C
Copy	One of the various examples or specimens of the same publication.		C
COR	See Contracting Officer's Representative.		C
CoreTrustSeal	An international, community based, non-governmental, and non-profit organization promoting sustainable and trustworthy data infrastructures.		C
CoreTrustSeal Certification	Envisioned as the first step in a global framework for repository certification which includes the extended level certification (nestor-Seal 31644) and the formal level certification (ISO 16363). Ultimately, CoreTrustSeal will also endeavor to provide core level certification for other research entities such as data services and software.		C
COSLA	Chief Officers of State Library Agencies		C
Cost Aggregation	Summing the lower-level cost estimates associated with the various work packages for a given level within the project's WBS for a given cost control account.		C
Cost Baseline	The approved version of the time-phased project budget, excluding any management reserves, which can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.		C
COTS	Commercial off-the-shelf		C
CRDP	Cataloging Record Distribution Program		C
CRDP Profile	The item selection profile of a depository library participating in the CRDP.		C
Criteria	Standards, rules, or tests on which a judgement or decision can be based or by which a product, service, result, or process can be evaluated.		C
CRN	Civics Renewal Network		C
CRS	Congressional Research Service		C
Customization	Providing the ability for users to tailor options to meet their needs and preferences. Customization is not delivered dynamically; it is managed by users and is static until changed. An example of customization would be a system that allows users to change their own display based on their own preferences. Compare to personalization.		C
Cutter	C.A. Cutter's Two-Figure Author Table, familiarly known as the Cutter table is a library tool for organizing library materials alphabetically. There is also a three-figure table. Both tables are used in the Superintendent of Documents classification system when there is no series number to identify the publications and dates are not appropriate for identification. Cutter numbers are used to distinguish publications in the category classes, as well as in unnumbered series classes.		C
Dark Archive (digital)	The site or electronic environment wherein an instance of all master and derivative digital files, associated metadata, and underlying enabling code resides and is maintained, under the control of the managing organization or its proxy yet inaccessible to the general public. See also dark archive (tangible), light archive (digital).		D
Dark Archive (tangible)	A collection of publicly inaccessible tangible materials preserved under optimal conditions, designed to safeguard the integrity and important artifactual characteristics of the archived materials for specific potential future use or uses. Eventual use of the archived materials ("lighting" the archives) is to be triggered by a specified event or condition. Such events might include failure or inadequacy of the service copy of the materials; lapse or expiration of restrictions imposed on use of the archives content; effect of the requirements of a contractual obligation regarding maintenance or use; or other events as determined under the charter of the dark archives. See also dark archive (digital), light archive (tangible).		D
Data	Factual information, such as measurements or statistics, used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, calculation, or analysis.		D
Data Dictionary	A collection of names, definitions, and attributes about data elements that are being used or captured in a database, information system, or part of a research project. It describes the meanings and purposes of data elements within the context of a project, and provides guidance on interpretation, accepted meanings and representation. A data dictionary also provides metadata about data elements. The metadata included in a data dictionary can assist in defining the scope and characteristics of data elements, as well as the rules for their usage and application.		D
Data Element	The fundamental data structure in a data processing system. A unit of data defined for processing is a data element; for example, ITEM NUMBER, SUDOC CLASS STEM, AGENCY/BUREAU CODE. A data element is defined by size (in characters) and type (alphanumeric, numeric only, true/false, date, etc.). A specific set of values or range of values may also be part of the definition. Technically, a data element is a logical definition of data, whereas a field is the physical unit of storage in a record. See also field, data item.		D
Data Item	A unit of data stored in a field. See also field, data element.		D
Data Migration	The process of process of selecting, preparing, extracting, and transforming data and permanently transferring it from one computer storage system to another. Additionally, the validation of migrated data for completeness and decommissioning of legacy data storage are considered part of the entire data migration process.		D
Data Mining	Discovery method applied to large collections of data, which proceeds by classifying and clustering data (by automated means) often from a variety of different databases, then looking for associations. Specifically applied to the analysis of use and user data for GPO systems, data mining includes the tools and processes for finding, aggregating, analyzing, associating, and presenting BPI and metadata to enhance internal and external business efficiencies.		D
Databases	Collection of electronically stored data or unit records (facts, bibliographic data, and text) with a common user interface and software for the retrieval and manipulation of the data.		D
DDD	Depository Distribution Division		D
DDIS	Depository Distribution Information System. The legacy system that acted as an authority file for item numbers and SuDoc classification stems, maintained library selection profiles, and maintained contact and other library information needed for distribution. Replaced by DSIMS in February 2012.		D
Define Scope	The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.		D
Deliverable	Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project.		D
Delivery Time	Time needed to deliver requested data to user.		D
Dependency	See logical relationship.		D
Deposited Content	Content received directly from Federal agency originators in digital form (e.g., court opinions or the Federal Register) for ingest into GPO's system of online access.		D
Depository Coordinator	The officially designated individual responsible for operations in a depository library, as identified in the Federal Depository Library Directory. See also Regional Coordinator.		D
Depository Distribution	The LSCM business unit responsible for shipping tangible materials to depository libraries. Also known as DDD (Depository Distribution Division).		D
Depository Guidance Document (SOD-DGD)	A framework and instructions for a specified process issued by the Superintendent of Documents. For example, Strategic Disposition of Depository Materials in Support of the National Collection for FDLs Relinquishing Their Designation (SOD-DGD-2020-1).		D
Depository Library	See Federal Depository Library.		D
Depository Library Council (DLC)	The DLC serves in an advisory capacity to the Director of the Government Publishing Office on matters that relate to improving public access to our Government's information through the Public Information Programs of the Superintendent of Documents:		D
Depository Library Number	A unique number assigned to each library that is designated a Federal depository library. (Format: 9999 or 9999X)		D
Depository Order Count	The GPO-LSCM item number count, plus a number of excess copies needed to fill depository claims.		D
Depository Status	Indicates whether a depository library is active or inactive.		D
Depository Type	Indicates whether a depository is a regional or selective depository library. See also designation type, library type.		D
Derivative	An alternate presentation of content, often optimized for a specific function (e.g., access, preservation, print).		D
Descriptive Metadata	Metadata primarily intended to serve the purpose of discovery, identification, and selection. See also metadata.		D
Deselect	To change the status of an item number on a library's selection profile from selected to non-selected.		D
Designation	The process by which a library or institution is made an official Federal depository library. See also relinquishing depository designation.		D
Designation Type	Indicates whether a depository library's designation was as a Federal agency, territorial governors, land grant college, law school, Mayor of the District of Columbia, Representative, service academy, highest state appellate court library, Senatorial, state library, or special provision of the 1895 Printing Act. See also depository type, library type.		D
Development Approach	The method used to create and evolve the product, service, or result during the project life cycle, such as predictive, iterative, incremental, agile, or a hybrid method.		D
Digital	Electronic technology that uses discrete values, generally zero and one, to generate, store and process data. In digital technology, data is transmitted and stored as strings of zeros and ones, each of which are referred to as bits. These bits are grouped together into bytes to represent data such as numbers, letters, images or sounds.13		D
Digital Access Partner	Through an official signed agreement with GPO these partners make digital resources within scope of the FDLP publicly accessible at no fee. GPO directs users to these resources via bibliographic records in the Catalog of U.S. Government Publications (CGP) and PURLs.5		D
Digital Certificate	A data record that, at a minimum: (1) Identifies the certification authority issuing it; (2) Names or otherwise identifies the certificate holder; (3) Contains a public key that corresponds to a private key under the sole control of the certificate holder; (4) Identifies the operational period; and (5) Contains a serial number and is digitally signed by the certification authority issuing it. (21 CFR Ch. II. §1300.03. (4-1-19 Edition))		D
Digital Content Contributor	Through a signed agreement these contributors provide digital content to GPO for ingest into GovInfo. Their content meets GPO's specifications for ingest into the preservation repository. GPO provides ongoing access to and preservation of the digital content.		D
Digital Deposit	Encompasses the practices, services, and workflows for the collaborative acquisition of born-digital and digitized Federal Government information for the National Collection of U.S. Government Public Information, including deposit mechanisms: (1) from GPO to depository libraries; (2) from Federal agencies to GPO; or (3) shared by libraries with their communities and deposited with GPO.		D
Digital Dissemination	The act of GPO making digital content accessible and available for download by Federal depository libraries.		D
Digital Divide	The gap between those who have access to information and communication technologies and those who don’t.		D
Digital Documents	Information unit with a defined content that born digital or has been digitized.		D
Digital FDLP Collection	A group of online U.S. Government produced information resources that the library has determined best meet the Federal Government information needs of their community served and are freely accessible to them. They are made discoverable through the library’s online public access catalog, a local repository, the library’s website, or assembled library resource guides or webpages. These information resources were published in a local repository of, or online at, a Federal agency website, or available from an official GPO partner’s site. The resources may be born digital or digitally reformatted.		D
Digital Federal Depository Library Program	A digital Federal Depository Library Program delivers permanent no-fee public access to digital content and essential support services to people seeking U.S. Government information.14		D
Digital Imaging	The practice of converting a physical document into a digital format, following established guidelines to ensure its authenticity and long-term preservation.		D
Digital Lifecycle Management	The progressive technology and workflow processes needed to ensure long-term sustainability of and accessibility to digital objects and metadata. Lifecycle management is about active stewardship of digital assets over time through policies, staffing, resources, and technologies.		D
Digital Master	An image file, PDF file, or another digital asset created for the purpose of reuse and re-expression. See also master.		D
Digital Media	Any storage device that holds digital data, including hard and optical discs and USB drives.		D
Digital Object	(1) A discrete item that can be acted upon by the system. A digital object may be a form of content (e.g., an entire document or a granule). (2) An item stored in a digital library or other digital collection of information, consisting of data, metadata, and an identifier.		D
Digital Official Library Files	See DOLF.		D
Digital Preservation	Combines policies, strategies, and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content overtime.		D
Digital Preservation Lifecycle Management	The pro-active strategic approach to the long-term preservation of digital information dissemination products. This approach takes the form of administrative actions following preservation best practices and standards for the digital conversion of tangibles, the acquisition of born digital content, authentication, metadata, creating appropriate derivative files for user access, and digital repository management.		D
Digital Preservation Steward	Through an official signed agreement with GPO these partners make a commitment to retain and make publicly accessible at no fee digital resources within scope of the FDLP. They also take on the responsibilities for preserving those resources.		D
Digital Signature	An electronic signature generated by means of an algorithm that ensures that the identity of the signatory and the integrity of the data can be verified. A value, referred to as the "private key," is generated to produce the signature and another value, known as the "public key," which is linked to but is not the same as the private key, is used to verify the signature. (5 CFR 850.103)		D
Digital Surrogate	A digital copy of a physical document that contains all of the information of the original work. Digital surrogates are created to provide greater discovery and access for users and reduce risk to original documents.		D
Digitization	The process of converting analog signals or information of any form into a digital format that can be understood by computer systems or electronic devices. The term is used when converting information, like text, images or voices and sounds, into binary code.13		D
Digitized	Conversion of an analog (print or non-print) item to a digital format. Digitized is used to distinguish materials that have been transformed from the media in which they were created from materials that are born digital.		D
Direct Mail	Depository material mailed directly to the library from the printing contractor, i.e., not in shipment boxes or listed on a shipping list.		D
Directory Information	Information in the Federal Depository Library Directory.		D
Directory Structure	The method used to organize the data within the directory (hierarchy).		D
Discards	Materials disposed of through an established disposition process after retaining 5 years or when they are superseded, in accordance with 44 USC §1911-1912.		D
Discontinued	A title that is no longer distributed to depository libraries or published by the publishing agency.		D
Discoverability	The quality of Federal Government digital content being easy to find from the internet, a website, or an application via search engine (or other indexing methods). GPO also applies discoverability to publications of the Federal Government through cataloging and indexing of tangible materials that are held by Federal depository libraries.		D
DiscoverGov	DiscoverGov provides simple, one-stop searching across multiple U.S. Government databases including GPO's Catalog of U.S. Government Publications (CGP) and GovInfo. It will retrieve reports, articles, and citations while providing direct links to selected resources and publications available online.		D
Discovery Service	An online tool that enables libraries to search seamlessly across a wide range of content. Discovery services provide users with another method for discovering content.		D
Discretionary Dependency	A relationship that is established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or an aspect of the project where a specific sequence is desired.		D
Disposition Process	A formal process administered by the regional depository in each region, established for the review and disposition of materials that are no longer needed or wanted by a depository library. See also discards.		D
Disruption in Service	(1) An unplanned event that causes the general system or major application to be inoperable for an unacceptable length of time (e.g., minor or extended power outage, extended unavailable network, or equipment or facility damage or destruction).5 (2) A planned or unplanned interruption of depository library service requiring service alternatives. These are often caused by a library remodel, a collection shift, or a natural disaster.		D
Dissemination	(1) The transfer from the stored form of a digital object in a repository to the client or user. (2) The act of making Government information products accessible to the public electronically.		D
Distribution	The shipment of a tangible publication to depository libraries.		D
DLC	Depository Library Council		D
Document	(1) Digital object that is the analog of a physical document, especially textual materials; a document model is an object model for documents. (2) Any book, paper, machine-readable-material, audio visual production, or other documentary material, regardless of physical form or characteristic, disseminated by an agency to the public. See also: content unit, piece.		D
DOLF	Digital Official Library Files		D
DOLF (Digital Official Library Files)	The official electronic files containing information from and about depository libraries. These files include both "born digital" documents as well as documents scanned from the paper Official Library Files. Both the paper and digital Official Library Files are maintained by Federal Depository Support Services- Administrative Unit. Included are documents in the following categories:		D
Downtime	A period of time when a system or Web site is unavailable for access - maybe a planned occurrence or unscheduled.		D
DPLA	Digital Public Library of America		D
Draft	A preliminary version of content, not yet in its finalized form.		D
DSIMS	Depository Selection Information Management System. The system of record that maintains List of Classes data and Federal depository libraries' item selections and shipping addresses.		D
DSIMS cart	The DSIMS cart acts as a "holding area" where paper and other tangible item numbers are stored to be added to Federal depository libraries' item selections in the next update, generally October 1 of each year.		D
Duration	The total number of work periods required to complete an activity or work breakdown structure component, expressed in hours, days, or weeks. Contrast with effort.		D
E-195	Formerly the Receiving and Distribution Control Form (SF195), converted to an online SharePoint form in approximately 2013. Form is initiated by the DDD PPW when checking in new publications intended for distribution and is completed by the MCS Library Technicians while processing a box for distribution.		E
ECIP	Electronic Cataloging in Publication Program		E
Eisenhower Matrix	A time management tool that helps prioritize tasks by categorizing them as (1) both important and urgent, (2) urgent, but not important, (3) important but not urgent, or (4) neither important nor urgent.		E
Electronic Cataloging in Publication Program	Electronic Cataloging in Publication (ECIP) is a program that extends the traditional Cataloging in Publication (CIP) program to include digital publications. It enables libraries and publishers to create and share pre-publication metadata for electronic books, ensuring easier discovery and cataloging for libraries. ECIP provides high-quality metadata for e-books making them more accessible and retrievable worldwide.		E
Embargo	To temporarily hold the release of a Federal information product per instructions from the issuing agency. For example, the Budget of the U.S. Government is often embargoed for release on a certain date and time.		E
Emulation	Replication of a computing system to process programs and data from an earlier system that is no longer available.		E
End User	A stakeholder who directly interacts with the solution.		E
Enterprise Architecture	A description of the business processes, information technology, people, operations, information, and projects of an organization and the relationships between them.		E
Enterprise Environmental Factors	Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio.		E
Enterprise Readiness Assessment	An assessment that describes whether the organization is prepared to accept the change associated with a solution and is able to use it effectively.		E
Equivalent	Online versions of Government information dissemination products are said to be equivalent when its content includes the entirety of the content of the tangible product.		E
Essential Title	See Essential Titles for Public Use in Paper or Other Tangible Format.		E
Essential Title Designation	A true/false data element indicating whether a title or SuDoc class stem has been designated an Essential Title.		E
Essential Titles for Public Use in Paper or Other Tangible Format	Specific titles in the FDLP that contain critical information about the activities of the U.S. Government and that are important reference publications for libraries and the public. These titles are to remain available for selection by depository libraries in paper format, so long as they are published in paper by the originating agency. Maintaining the availability of these titles for selection in paper format has been deemed essential to the purposes of the FDLP. For more on Essential Titles, see https://www.fdlp.gov/essential-titles-for-public-use-in-paper-or-other-tangible-format.		E
Estimate	A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome of a variable, such as project costs, resources, effort, or durations.		E
Estimate to Complete (ETC)	The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.		E
ETC	Estimate to Complete		E
Execute	Directing, managing, performing, and accomplishing the project work; providing the deliverables; and providing work performance information.		E
Expert Judgment	Judgment provided based upon expertise in an application area, knowledge area, discipline, industry, etc., as appropriate for the activity being performed. Such expertise may be provided by any group or person with specialized education, knowledge, skill, experience, or training.		E
Export	To save a copy of the current open document, database, image or video into a file format required by a different application. Applications may export to a variety of popular formats. See also import.		E
Extensible Markup Language	See XML.		E
External Interface	An interface that is outside the proposed solution. It can be another hardware system, software system, or a human interaction with which the proposed solution will interact.		E
Facilitated Workshops	An elicitation technique using focused sessions that bring key cross-functional stakeholders together to define product requirements.		F
Facilitation	The art of leading and encouraging people through systematic efforts toward agreed-upon objectives in a manner that enhances involvement, collaboration, productivity, and synergy.		F
FADGI	Federal Agencies Digital Initiative Guidelines		F
Faithful Digital Reproduction	Digital objects that are optimally formatted and described with a view to their quality (functionality and use value), persistence (long-term access), and interoperability (e.g., across platforms and software environments). Faithful reproductions meet these criteria, and are intended to accurately render the underlying source document, with respect to its completeness, appearance of original pages (including tonality and color), and correct (that is, original) sequence of pages.		F
Fast Tracking	A schedule compression technique in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.		F
FDL	Federal Depository Library		F
FDLD	Federal Depository Library Directory		F
FDLP	Federal Depository Library Program		F
FDLP Academy	A service of GPO, enhances U.S. Government information knowledge through:		F
FDLP Basic Collection	A core group of titles that every FDLP library is expected to have available for immediate use. These titles are vital sources of information that support the public's right to know about the workings and essential activities of the Federal Government.		F
FDLP Coordinator Certificate Program	[need definition]		F
FDLP Digital Depository	A library that accepts digital files disseminated by GPO and builds its own unique digital collection(s) that in conjunction with its physical collections meet the needs of its users.		F
FDLP eXchange	An application that automates disposition processing by allowing libraries to enter information on materials they want to discard and to have the process managed by an automated workflow. The application also allows libraries to enter information om materials needed for their collections or digitization efforts.		F
FDLP Forecast Study	A data collection and analysis initiative of the Superintendent of Documents conducted in collaboration with Federal depository libraries, to determine the current needs and issues facing Federal depository libraries; the future direction of the FDLP; and the strategic direction of the Library Services and Content Management business unit. Depository libraries had from February through November 2012 to complete and submit questionnaires to GPO. For more information see the project Web site at https://www.fdlp.gov/project/fdlp-forecast-study.		F
FDLP Partner	A depository library or other institution in a formal agreement with GPO for collaborative initiatives in support of the FDLP.		F
FDLP Web Archive	The collection of selected U.S. Government web sites that LSCM harvested to provide permanent public access to Federal agency web content. Access to the harvested sites is made available through links in the Catalog of U. S. Government Publications, or directly from https://archive-it.org/home/FDLPwebarchive.	https://archive-it.org/home/FDLPwebarchive	F
FDLP.gov File Repository	A web repository on FDLP.gov containing various documents for and about the FDLP.		F
FDSS	Federal Depository Support Services		F
FDsys	Federal Digital System is GPO's online system of access authorized in 44 United States Code §4101. It is a content management system, a preservation repository, and an advanced search engine. Replaced by GovInfo in December 2018.		F
Feasibility Study	An evaluation of proposed alternatives to determine if they are technically, organizationally, and economically possible within the constraints of the enterprise, and whether they will deliver the desired benefits to the enterprise.		F
Feature	A distinguishing characteristic of a solution that implements a cohesive set of requirements and which delivers value for a set of stakeholders.		F
Federal Agencies Digital Guidelines Initiative (FADGI)	A collaborative effort by Federal agencies to define common guidelines, methods, and practices for digitizing historical content. The FADGI Guidelines are available from: http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/.	http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/	F
Federal Depository Library	A library designated under the provisions of 44 USC Chapter 19 that maintains a depository collection for use and local access by the general public and which offers professional assistance in locating and using Federal Government information products and services.		F
Federal Depository Library Directory	A searchable web application containing information on Federal depository libraries, including location, contact information, and services available.		F
Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP)	A nationwide network of designated libraries that provide no-fee public access to Federal Government information under the provisions of 44 U.S.C. Chapter 19 and administered by the Superintendent of Documents.		F
Federal Depository Support Services (FDSS)	The division of LSCM responsible for education, outreach, and administrative support to Federal depository libraries.		F
Federal Digital System	See FDsys.		F
Federal Electronic Information	Federal public information stored electronically. (44 USC §4104)		F
Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program	See FedRAMP.		F
FEDLINK	Federal Library and Information Network		F
FedRAMP	A government-wide program that promotes the adoption of secure cloud services across the federal government by providing a standardized approach to security and risk assessment for cloud technologies and federal agencies.	https://www.fedramp.gov/	F
Fee	Represents profit as a component of compensation to a seller.		F
Field	A unit of data that is one or more bytes in size. A collection of fields make up a record. A field also defines a unit of data on a source document, screen, or report. See also data element, data item.		F
Final Published Version	Content in a specific presentation and format approved by its content originator for release to an audience. See also government publication, publication.		F
FIPNet	Federal Information Preservation Network is a strategy for a collaborative network of information professionals working in various partner roles to ensure access to the national collection of Government information for future generations. See also National Plan.		F
Fixity	The quality of being unaltered (e.g., fixity of the text refers to text that is demonstrably unaltered).		F
Float	Also called slack. See total float and free float.		F
Flowchart	The depiction in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions, and outputs of one or more processes within a system.		F
Focus Groups	An elicitation technique that brings together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service, or result.		F
Forecast	An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project's future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the forecast. The information is based on the project's past performance and expected future performance, and includes information that could impact the project in the future, such as estimated at completion and estimate to complete.		F
Format	(1) In a general sense, the manner in which data, documents, or literature are organized, structured, named, classified, and arranged. Specifically, the organization of information for storage, printing, or display. The format of floppy disks and hard disks is the magnetic pattern laid down by the formatting utility. In a document, the format includes margins, font, and alignment used for text, headers, etc. In a database, the format comprises the arrangement of data fields and field names. (2) Form in which a publication is distributed or disseminated to libraries, as specified in the List of Classes.		F
Free Float	The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any successor or violating a schedule constraint.		F
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)	A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network (Internet, UNIX, etc.). For example, after developing pages for a Web site on a local machine, they are typically uploaded to the new Web server using FTP. FTP includes functions to log in to the network, list directories, and copy files. It can also convert between the ASCII and EBCDIC character codes. FTP operations can be performed by typing commands at a command prompt or via an FTP utility running under a graphical user interface such as Windows.		F
Fugitive Document	See unreported publication. GPO discontinued use of "fugitive document" March 2021.		F
Fulfillment	The processes related to the packaging and delivery of content in tangible or digital form for delivery.		F
Full Approval	A law school that established that it is in full compliance with the Standards for Approval of Law Schools and it also has been provisionally approved for not fewer than two years.		F
Functional Requirement	A capability that a solution must have in terms of the behavior and information the solution will manage.		F
Gantt Chart	A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.		G
Gap Analysis	A comparison of the current state and desired future state of an enterprise in order to identify differences that need to be addressed.		G
GODORT	Government Documents Round Table, ALA (https://www.ala.org/rt/godort)	https://www.ala.org/rt/godort	G
Governance Management	The program management function that provides a robust, repeatable, decision-making framework to control capital investments within an agency, organization, or corporation. 6		G
Government Electronic Information Service	The system or method by which an agency or its authorized agent provides public access to Government information products via a telecommunications network. (Report to the Congress)		G
Government Information	Information created, collected, processed, disseminated, or disposed of by or for the Federal Government. (OMB Circular A-130) See also government publication.		G
Government Information Product	A discrete set of Government information, either conveyed in a tangible physical format including electronic media or made publicly accessible via a Government electronic information service. (Report to the Congress)		G
Government Printing Office	Former name of Government Publishing Office.		G
Government Publication	(1) A work of the United States Government, regardless or form or format, which is created or compiled in whole or in part at Government expense, or as required by law, except that which is required for official use only, is strictly operational or administrated in purpose having no public interest or educational value, or is classified for reasons of national security. (2) Informational matter which is published as an individual document at Government expense, or as required by law. (44 U.S.C. §1901)		G
Government Publisher	The agency that originates or creates material for distribution or sale.		G
Government Publishing Office	A legislative branch U.S. Federal government Agency with the mission to publish trusted information for the Federal Government to the American people.		G
GovInfo	GPO's system of online access statutorily mandated by Chapter 41, Title 44, United Stated Code. This service of the U.S. Government Publishing Office that provides free public access to official publications from all three branches of the Federal Government.		G
GPO	Government Publishing Office		G
GPO Access	A web-based public information service provided by the U.S. Government Printing Office. This service was authorized by Public Law 103-40. Superseded by FDsys.		G
GPO Cataloging Guidelines	A resource that documents GPO's cataloging practices. See https://www.fdlp.gov/cataloging-and-classification/cataloging-guidelines		G
GPO Sales Program	See Publication and Information Sales Program.		G
GPO's System of Online Access	Authorized in 44 U.S.C. §4101, it is a means of enhancing electronic public access to a wide range of Federal electronic information. It is a content management system, a preservation repository, and a public access website.		G
Granularity	The degree or level of detail (e.g., page, chapter, paragraph, line) available within content in the system.		G
Guideline	An official recommendation or advice that indicates policies, standards, procedures or regulations for how something should be accomplished.		G
Handle System	A comprehensive system for assigning, managing, and resolving persistent identifiers, known as "handles," for accessing digital objects and other resources on the Internet.		H
Hard Copy	Tangible printed content.		H
Harvest	The identification and gathering of content resident on web servers outside GPO's control.		H
Harvested Content	Digital content within the scope of Superintendent of Documents' access and dissemination programs that is gathered from Federal agency Web sites.		H
Hash	A number generated from a string of characters.		H
High Impact Personally Identifiable Information	Information for which the loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability of personally identifiable information (PII) could be expected to have a major, severe, or catastrophic adverse effect on organizational operations, organizational assets, or individuals. Examples include Social Security Numbers, financial account numbers, and driver's license numbers. (NIST Special Publication 800-122)		H
Histogram	A bar chart that shows the graphical representation of numerical data.		H
Historic Monthly Catalog	A resource that provides bibliographic records extracted from the print Monthly Catalog 1895-June 1976.		H
Historic Shelflist	GPO's historic card catalog covering U.S. Government publications from the 1800s to October 1992.		H
Holding Record	A separate record attached to the bibliographic record for a serial title, multivolume or single item to track issues, parts or volumes. Holdings record contains summary holdings information; i.e., 852 $a location, $b sub-location, $c collection, $h, call number. The 853 / 4 /5X enumerations are located in the HOL record.7		H
Holdings	Number of documents of a certain type (e.g. books and serials, microforms, electronic serials) held locally or in remote resources for which access rights have been acquired, at least for a certain period of time. To be measured at the end of the reporting period. Note: Referred to as "stock" in ISO 2798.		H
Hybrid Teams	Teams comprised of a mixture of onsite and remote members.		H
IES	International Exchange Service		I
ILS	Integrated Library System		I
Impact Analysis	An assessment of the effects a proposed change will have on a stakeholder or stakeholder group, project, or system.		I
Import	To ingest data produced by one application for use by another application. See also export.		I
Imposed Date	A fixed date established by an authority on a schedule activity or schedule milestone, usually in the form of a "start no earlier than" and "finish no later than" date.		I
Inactive Item Number	An item number no longer available for selection for which all associated SuDoc class stems are no longer available.		I
Inactive Library	A former FDLP library.		I
Inactive SuDoc Class Stem	The class stem for which the associated title has been discontinued, ceased, replaced, or deemed out-of-scope.		I
Inactive Title	(1) A title that has been discontinued, ceased, replaced, or deemed out-of-scope; (2) An in-scope title that hasn't been published in a long time but not linked to a formal statement from the publisher about discontinuation, cessation, replacement. For example, a title could be inactive due to lack of funding for printing while the intent to publish remains.		I
Indexed Field	A field that has been indexed in a system to make it searchable.		I
Indexing	Indexing is the process of compiling a set of identifiers that characterize a document or other piece of information by analyzing the content of the item and expressing it in the terms of a particular system of indexing.		I
Indicator	A specific numerical measurement that indicates progress toward achieving an impact, output, activity, or input. See also metric.		I
Information (GPO)	Any communication or representation of knowledge such as facts, data, or opinions in any medium or form, including textual, numerical, graphic, cartographic, narrative, or audiovisual forms.		I
Information (project management)	Organized or structured data processed for a specific purpose to make it meaningful, valuable, and useful in specific contexts.		I
Information Dissemination Product	Any book, paper, map, machine-readable material, audiovisual production, or other documentary material, regardless of physical form or characteristic, disseminated by an agency to the public. (OMB Circular A-130)		I
Information Dissemination Product	Any book, paper, map, machine-readable material, audiovisual production or other documentary material, regardless of physical form or characteristic, disseminated by an agency to the public.		I
Information Lifecycle Management	The planning, budgeting, administering, processing and controlling information throughout the stages through which tangible or digital information assets pass, including creation, identification and acquisition; organization, bibliographic control and metadata; preservation, digitization and reformatting; authentication, access, and dissemination; promoting; storage of tangible information assets; and trusted digital repository management.		I
Information Management Systems	Facilities, processes, and procedures used to collect, store, and distribute information between producers and consumers of information in physical or electronic format.		I
Information Resources	Information and related resources, such as personnel, equipment, and information technology. (44 U.S.C. § 3502)		I
Information Resources Management	The process of managing information resources to accomplish agency missions. The term encompasses both information itself and related resources, such as personnel, equipment, funds, and information technology. (44 U.S.C. § 3502)		I
Information System	A discrete set of information resources organized for the collection, processing, maintenance, use, sharing, and dissemination of information, in accordance with defined procedures, whether automated or manual.		I
Information System Life Cycle	The phases through which an information system passes, typically characterized as initiation, development, operation, and termination.		I
Information Technology	Any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment, that is used in the automatic acquisition, by a contractor under a contract with the agency which (i) requires the use of such equipment, or (ii) requires the use, to a significant extent, of such equipment in the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product. The term "information technology" includes computers, ancillary equipment, software, firmware and similar procedures, services (including support services), and related resources. The term "information technology" does not include any equipment that is acquired by a Federal contractor incidental to a Federal contract. The term "information technology" does not include national security systems as defined by the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. §1452).		I
Ingest	Uploading digital content into a system for access and preservation.		I
Ingested Content	Content reformatted from official sources received from depository libraries, digital content provider partners, or GPO for ingest into GPO's system of online access, such as Panama Canal content provided by the University of Florida.		I
Initiative	A specific project, program, or action taken to solve some business problem(s) or achieve some specific change objective(s).		I
Input	Any item, whether internal or external to the project, that is required by a process before that process proceeds. May be an output from a predecessor process.		I
In-Scope Content	Content that has been qualified to be included in one of GPO's content dissemination programs (Federal Depository Library Program, Publication and Information Sales Program, National Collection, Cataloging and Indexing Program, By-Law Program). Depending on the context of in-scope, this can mean one of any programs or specifically one program.		I
Integrated Library System (ILS)	An enterprise resource planning system used by libraries to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed.		I
Integrating Resource	An information resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole; integrating resources can be finite or continuing. Examples of integrating resources include updating loose-leaf materials and updating Web sites.		I
Integrity	Assurance that data is accurate and consistent over its life cycle.		I
Integrity Mark	Conveys authentication information to users.		I
Interested Parties	Possible partners that include, but are not limited to, individual Federal depository libraries, library consortia, Federal agencies, universities, and other institutions, both private and public.		I
Interface	A shared boundary between any two persons and/or systems through which information is communicated.		I
International Exchange Service (IES)	Under the direction of the Library of Congress (LC), GPO distributes tangible Government publications to foreign governments that agree to send to the United States similar publications of their governments for the LC collections.		I
Interoperability	Ability of systems to communicate by exchanging data or services.		I
Interviews	A formal or informal approach to elicit information from stakeholders by talking to them directly.		I
Inventory (noun)	Complete documentation of items such as property, goods in stock, or the contents of a building or a library collection.		I
Inventory (verb)	The act of documenting items, contents, or objects.		I
IS&T	Society for Imaging Science and Technology		I
ISBN (International Standard Book Number)	A unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN).		I
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)	A unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic periodical publication.		I
Issue (bibliographic control)	A content unit that is part of a serial.		I
Issue (project management)	A current condition or situation that may have an impact on the project objectives.		I
Issue Log	A project document where information about issues is recorded and monitored.		I
Item	A specific piece of material in a digital library or collection; a single instance, copy, or manifestation. Compare to item number, piece.		I
Item Count	See item number count.		I
Item Lister	A web-based collection management tool that lists an individual library's selected or non-selected item numbers (or both).		I
Item Number	An identification number used in selecting to receive publications classified under one or more SuDoc Class Stems. (FORMAT: 9999, 9999-X, or 9999-X-99)		I
Item Number Count	Total number of copies needed to meet the needs of selecting libraries.		I
Item Selection Profile	An individual depository's composite profile of its selected item numbers.		I
Iterative Life Cycle	A project life cycle where the project scope is generally determined early in the project life cycle, but time and cost estimates are routinely modified as the project team's understanding of the product increases. Iterations develop the product through a series of repeated cycles, while increments successively add to the functionality of the product.		I
JCP	Joint Committee on Printing		J
Joint Committee on Printing (JCP)	The Joint Committee on Printing, created by the act of August 3, 1846 (9 Stat. §114; 44 U.S.C. §101), is one of the oldest joint committees of the Congress. Composed of five Representatives and five Senators, the panel oversees the operations of the U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), whose support is essential to the legislative process of the Congress. The GPO also serves by law as the principal printing organization for Federal agencies, and so the Joint Committee generally oversees compliance by Federal agencies with laws, rules, and regulations designed to minimize printing costs to the American people.		J
Key Pair	Two mathematically related keys having the properties that one key can be used to encrypt a message that can only be decrypt using the other key, and even knowing one key, it is computationally infeasible to discover the other key. See also private key, public key.		K
Keyword	A word or phrase entered into a search engine in an effort to get the search engine to return matching and relevant results.		K
Knowledge	A mixture of experience, values and beliefs, contextual information, intuition, and insight that people use to make sense of new experience and information.		K
Knowledge Management (KM)	The process of identifying, organizing, storing, sharing, and analyzing an organization's information in a way that is easily accessible to employees.		K
Laurel Warehouse	GPO facility that distributes tangible FDLP publications.		L
LC	Library of Congress		L
LC-PCC PS	Library of Congress-Program for Cooperative Cataloging Policy Statement		L
LCSH	Library of Congress Subject Headings		L
Legal Requirements & Program Regulations (LRPR)	An FDLP document that provides member libraries with a single, concise resource to consult for the current legal and Program obligations.		L
Legally Controlling Authority	The version of a publication used in interpreting or determining the "Officialness" of its content. For example, the printed version of the United States Code is the legal controlling authority when there is a wording discrepancy between the online version and the printed version.		L
Legally Official Content	Content published by the Federal Government, at Government expense, or as required by law, that also meets the standard of having a clear chain of custody that can be audited throughout the information life cycle, from the point that the content is created through dissemination. See also official content.		L
Lessons Learned	The knowledge gained during a project which shows how project events were addressed or should be addressed in the future with the purpose of improving future performance.		L
Letter of Agreement (LOA)	See Memorandum of Understanding.		L
Level of Effort (LOE)	The complete deliverable submitted as per agreed upon timelines and the amount of work performed within a time and is measured in working days or hours per day/week/month/duration of the contract.9		L
Library Profile	A record of a library's directory information in the Federal Depository Library Directory. Compare to item selection profile.		L
Library Services & Content Management (LSCM)	The GPO business unit that administers the Federal Depository Library, Cataloging & Indexing, and By-Law distribution Programs.		L
Library Technical Services (LTS)	The division of LSCM responsible for cataloging and other technical services. Now Metadata and Collection Services (MCS).		L
Library Type	Indicates whether the depository is an Academic General Library, Academic Community College Library, Academic Law Library, Federal Agency Library, Federal Court Library, Public Library, Service Academy, Highest State Court Library, State Library, or Special Library. Note that this list could expand in the future. See also depository type, designation type.		L
Lifecycle Management	Active stewardship of assets over time through policies, staffing, resources, and technologies. See also digital lifecycle management.		L
Lifecycle Management Processes	Elements of information dissemination products' life cycle include: creation, discovery and acquisition; cataloging and metadata creation; collection care and conservation; digitization; authentication; access and dissemination; storage of tangible; and digital repository management.		L
Light Archive (digital)	A collection of derivative digital files, associated metadata, and underlying enabling code, designed to safeguard the integrity and important artifactual characteristics of the archived materials in the associated dark archive while supporting ongoing permitted use of those materials by the users of the archive. See also dark archive (digital), light archive (tangible).		L
Light Archive (tangible)	A collection of tangible materials preserved under optimal conditions, designed to safeguard the integrity and important artifactual characteristics of the archived materials while supporting ongoing permitted use of those materials by the users of the archives. A light archive normally presupposes the existence of a dark archive, as a hedge against the risk of loss or damage to the light archives content through permitted uses. A light archive is also distinct from regular collections of like materials in that it systematically undertakes the active preservation of the materials as part of a cooperative or coordinated effort that may include other redundant or complementary light archive. See also dark archive (tangible), light archive (digital).		L
Lighted Bin System	See ADDS.		L
Limited Print Distribution Framework	[need definition]		L
Linked Data	Structured data which is interlinked with other data so it becomes more useful through semantic queries. It builds upon standard web technologies such as HTTP, RDF, and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages only for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers. Part of the vision of linked data is for the Internet to become a global database. See also Open Data.		L
Linked Open Data	Linked data that are open data.		L
List of Active Items and Class Stems	A data file extracted from DSIMS twice a month that lists all current active items and associated active class stems. Formerly published as an appendix to the List of Classes, it is now posted to FDLP.gov with the List of Classes data files.		L
List of Classes	The official listing of SuDoc class stems and item numbers available for selection by Federal depository libraries. This list is arranged according to the SuDoc classification system and is designed to group together publications by government author. Formerly the List of Classes was published annually in paper and sent to each depository library. Last print version revised November 2015. An unedited electronic version in csv format is also published on FDLP.gov on the 1st and 15th of each month.		L
List of Classes Data Files	ASCII text versions of the data from the List of Classes and related files. These files are updated twice monthly and made available via FDLP.gov on the 1st and 15th of every month. The files include the Alphabetic Listing of Government Authors, Inactive Item Numbers, Inactive SuDoc Class Stems, List of Active Items and Class Stems, List of Classes, List of Classes Online Only Items, and Modified List of Classes.		L
List of Classes Online Only Items	A data file extracted from DSIMS twice a month that lists all currently available online only items in the List of Classes. This data file is a subset of the List of Classes data file that only includes items with formats designated as online (EL), not in combination with other formats.		L
List of Inactive Item Numbers	An appendix of the List of Classes. In the print version, this listed all the item numbers that had been inactivated since the last printing. In the comma delimited file posted online, it includes all inactive item numbers in DSIMS.		L
List of Inactive SuDoc Class Stems	A data file extracted from DSIMS twice a month that lists all inactive SuDoc class stems cumulatively. Posted to FDLP.gov with the List of Classes data files.		L
LOA	Letter of Agreement		L
LoC	List of Classes		L
Locate (discover)	The organized process of finding documents or publications that are within scope for a particular collection.		L
Locate Libraries	Functionality incorporated into the Catalog of U.S. Government Publications which allows users to find a Federal depository library that selects a particular item number. Also called "Locate in a Library." Decommissioned 2020.		L
LOE	Level of Effort		L
Log	A document used to record and describe or denote selected items identified during execution of a process or activity. Usually used with a modifier, such as issue, change, or assumption.		L
Logical Relationship	A dependency between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.		L
Loose-Leaf Publication	An integrating resource that constitutes of one or more base volumes updated by separate pages that are inserted, removed, and/or substituted.		L
LRPR	Legal Requirements & Program Regulations		L
LSCM	Library Services & Content Management		L
LSCM Staff	GPO staff who work in Library Services & Content Management (LSCM).		L
LTS	Library Technical Services, former name of Metadata and Collection Services (MCS).		L
Maintenance	The work of keeping something in proper condition; upkeep.		M
Major Information System	An information system that requires special management attention because of its importance to an agency mission; its high development, operating, or maintenance costs; or its significant role in the administration of agency programs, finances, property, or other resources.		M
Manage	In Information Technology contexts, to add, modify, or delete content.		M
Management Reserve	An amount of the project budget or project schedule held outside of the performance measurement baseline (PMB) for management control purposes, that is reserved for unforeseen work that is within the scope of the project.		M
Mandatory Dependency	A relationship that is contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work.		M
Manifestation	Form given to an expression of a work (e.g., by representing it in digital form).		M
Manual Harvesting	The capture of known digital publications through manual identification and saving of all associated publication files. See also automated harvesting.		M
MARC	Machine-readable cataloging. The USMARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form. The Library of Congress, in consultation with various user communities, maintains USMARC formats.		M
Market Research	The process of gathering information at conferences, online reviews, and a variety of sources to identify product capabilities available in the marketplace.		M
Markup Language	A text-encoding system consisting of a set of symbols inserted in a text document to control its structure, formatting, or the relationship between its parts. Markup is often used to control the display of the document or to enrich its content to facilitate automated processing.		M
Master	An item from which duplicates are to be made. See also digital master.		M
Master Schedule	A summary-level project schedule that identifies the major deliverables and work breakdown structure components and key schedule milestones. See also: milestone schedule.		M
Matrix	A textual form of modelling used to represent information that can be categorized, cross-referenced, and represented in a table format.		M
Matrix Diagrams	A quality management and control tool used to perform data analysis within the organizational structure created in the matrix. The matrix diagram seeks to show the strength of relationships between factors, causes, and objectives that exist between the rows and columns that form the matrix.		M
MCS	Metadata and Collection Services		M
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)	A type of agreement between two or more parties. It expresses a convergence of will between the parties, indicating an intended common line of action. It is often used either in cases where the parties do not imply a legal commitment or in situations where the parties cannot create a legally enforceable agreement.		M
Metadata	Metadata is a structured representation of information that facilitates interpretation, management, and location by describing essential attributes and significant properties. Metadata describes the content, quality, condition, or other characteristics of other data. Metadata describes how, when, and by whom information was collected, where it resides and how it is formatted. Metadata helps locate, interpret, or manage content.		M
Metadata and Collection Services (MCS)	The division of LSCM responsible for cataloging, metadata, and collection services. Formerly LTS.		M
Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)	An XML schema for encoding metadata associated with objects in a digital library.		M
Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)	A schema for a bibliographic element set that may be used for a variety of purposes, and particularly for library applications. The standard is maintained by the Network Development and MARC Standards office of the Library of Congress with input from users.		M
MetaLib	GPO's federated search engine that searches multiple U.S Federal government databases (including the CGP), retrieving reports, articles, and citations while providing direct links to selected resources available online. It is an ExLibris product back in part by their Primo Central. MetaLib can be found at https://metalib.gpo.gov/V/.7		M
Methodology	A system of practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline.		M
Metric	A quantifiable level of an indicator measured at a specified point in time.		M
METS	Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard		M
Microfiche	A sheet of film bearing a number of micro-images in a linear array. See also microforms. Microfiche distribution to FDLP libraries discontinued during FY2023.		M
Microforms	Photographic reproductions of textual, tabular, or graphic material reduced in size so they can be used only with magnification. The two main types of microforms are micro reproductions on transparent material including roll microfilm, aperture cards, microfiche, and ultrafiche; and reproductions on opaque material.		M
Migration	(1) Preservation of digital content where the underlying information is retained but older formats and internal structures are replaced by newer ones. (2) The reformatting of information to avoid technological obsolescence due to software or platform dependence.		M
Milestone	A significant point or event in the project, program, or portfolio.		M
Milestone Schedule	A summary-level schedule that identifies the major schedule milestones. See also master schedule.		M
MoCat	Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications		M
Model	A representation and simplification of reality developed to convey information to a specific audience to support analysis, communication, and understanding.		M
Modified List of Classes	A data file derived from List of Classes data that includes additional fields to sort by SuDoc, Agency, and Sub-Agency.		M
MODS	Metadata Object Description Schema		M
Monitor	Collect project performance data, produce performance measures, and report and disseminate performance information.		M
Monograph	A bibliographic resource that is complete in one part or intended to be completed within a finite number of parts.		M
Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications	A monthly serial publication produced by the United States Government Printing Office (GPO) from 1895 to 2004 when it was superseded by the Catalog of United States Government Publications (CGP). Each issue of the Monthly Catalog listed the publications that had been cataloged by GPO during the previous month. See also Serial Supplement.		M
MOU	Memorandum of Understanding		M
N&O	Needs and Offers		N
NACO	Name Authority Cooperative Program		N
NAPA Study	A 10-month study of GPO undertaken by the National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA) at the request of Congress. The report from this study was released in January 2013.		N
NARA	National Archives & Records Administration		N
NARDAC	North American RDA Committee		N
NASIG	North American Serials Interest Group		N
National Collection of Government Information	A geographically dispersed collection of the corpus of Federal Government public information that is accessible to the public at no cost. Also called the National Collection.		N
National Collection Service Area (NCSA)	National Collection Service Areas group Federal depository libraries into four regions as a means of ensuring geographically dispersed public access to Federal Government information products, sharing resources among depository libraries, and receiving services from Library Services and Content Management.		N
National Plan	See National Plan for U.S. Government Information.		N
National Plan for U.S. Government Information	A strategic planning effort of the Superintendent of Documents intended to provide readily discoverable and free public access to Federal Government information, now and for future generations. The vision is to provide Government information when and where it is needed.		N
Natural Language	Any language which arises in an unpremeditated fashion as the result of the innate facility for language possessed by the human intellect. A natural language is typically used for communication, and may be spoken, signed, or written. Natural language is distinguished from constructed languages and formal languages such as computer-programming languages or the "languages" used in the study of formal logic, especially mathematical logic. Compare to controlled vocabulary.		N
NCSA	National Collection Service Area		N
NCSA Steering Committees	[need definition]		N
NDSA	National Digital Stewardship Alliance		N
Needs and Offers	A tool used by depository librarians for collection development purposes; a regional or national list for libraries seeking to dispose of publications withdrawn from their collections, place publications with other depositories, or replace missing publications with publications from other depository collections. Replaced by FDLP eXchange in June 2018.		N
Network Diagram (project management)	See project schedule network diagram.		N
Network Diagram (systems)	A visual representation of a computer or telecommunications network. It shows the components that make up a network and how they interact, including routers, devices, hubs, firewalls, etc.		N
Network Logic	All activity dependencies in a project schedule network diagram.		N
Network Path	A sequence of activities connected by logical relationships in a project schedule network diagram.		N
Networking	Establishing connections and relationships with other people from the same or other organizations.		N
Newsworthy Publications	Appears on the front page of newspapers and is mentioned in broadcast news shows.		N
NISO	National Information Standards Organization develops and supports the use of information industry standards for libraries and the organizations that provide them content and services.		N
NIST	National Institute of Standards and Technology		N
Node	A point at which dependency lines connect on a schedule network diagram.		N
No-Fee Access	There are no charges to individual or institutional users for searching, retrieving, viewing, downloading, printing, copying, or otherwise using digital publications in scope for the FDLP.		N
Nominal Group Technique	A technique that enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or for prioritization.		N
Non-Repudiation	Verification that the sender and the recipient were, in fact, the parties who claimed to send or receive content, respectively.		N
Notification	A message sent to a process or user (e.g., email, RSS, workflow instance).		N
OAIS	Open Archival Information Systems Reference Model		O
Objective	Something toward which work is to be directed, a strategic position to be attained, a purpose to be achieved, a result to be obtained, a product to be produced, or a service to be performed.		O
Objectivity	Whether disseminated information is being presented in an accurate, clear, complete, and unbiased manner. This involves whether the information is presented within a proper context. In addition, "objectivity" involves a focus on ensuring accurate, reliable, and unbiased information. In a scientific, financial, or statistical context, the original and supporting data shall be generated, and the analytic results shall be developed, using sound statistical and research methods (OMB Guidelines).		O
Observations	A technique that provides a direct way of viewing individuals in their environment performing their jobs or tasks and carrying out processes.		O
OCLC	A global library organization that provides shared technology services, original research, and community programs for its membership and the library community at large. One service is a database of bibliographic records, including GPO's, that libraries can download and include in their online library catalogs.		O
Official	A version that has been approved by someone with authority.		O
Official Content	Content that is approved by, contributed by, or harvested from an official source in accordance with accepted Federal Depository Library Program specifications. See also legally official content.		O
Official Library Files	See DOLF (Digital Official Library Files)		O
Official Source	The Federal publishing agency, its business partner, or other trusted source.		O
ONIX	Online Information eXchange		O
Online Dissemination	Providing online access for users to view or download digital publications through GovInfo, CGP records, or other GPO practices.		O
Online Format	A digital information product publicly accessible through the internet.		O
Online Information eXchange (ONIX)	A standard format that publishers can use to distribute electronic information about their books to wholesale, e-tail, and retail booksellers, other publishers, and anyone else involved in the sale of books.		O
Online Substitution	Replacing tangible depository material with an online equivalent. This is typically done when an online format is preferred. See https://www.fdlp.gov/guidance/weeding-depository-collection for details.		O
Open Archival Information Systems Reference Model (OAIS)	ISO 14721:2003 - A reference model for an archive, consisting of an organization of people and systems that has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make available for a designated community. The model defines functions, activities, responsibilities, and relationships within this archive, sets forth common terms and concepts, and defined component functions which serve as the basis for planning implementation.		O
Open Data	Data that is openly accessible, exploitable, and shared by anyone for any purpose. Open data is licensed under an open license. See also: linked data, linked open data		O
Open Government	The governing doctrine which holds that citizens have the right to access the documents and proceedings of the government to allow for effective public oversight. The Memorandum on the Open Government Directive (M-10-6) issued by the White House on December 8, 2009 establishes the three principles of transparency, participation, and collaboration as the cornerstone of an open government.		O
Open Requisition	The GPO business process information (job) submitted by a user to request multiple products or services over a specific time period. Multiple jobs can be associated with an open requisition (e.g., Congressional Bills jobs are requested daily and each are associated to a fiscal year open requisition).		O
Opportunity	A risk that would have a positive effect on one or more project objectives. See also risk.		O
Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)	A hierarchical of the project organization, which illustrates the relationship between project activities and the organizational units that will perform those activities.		O
Organizational Learning	A discipline concerned with the way individuals, groups, and organizations develop knowledge.		O
Organizational Process Assets	Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases that are specific to and used by the performing organization.		O
Originating Agency	The agency that creates publications for distribution or sale.		O
Output	A product, result, or service generated by a process. May be an input to a successor process.		O
Overall Project Risk	The effect of uncertainty on the project as a whole, arising from all sources of uncertainty including individual risks, representing the exposure of stakeholders to the implications of variations in project outcome, both positive and negative.		O
P&S	Projects and Systems		P
Parametric Estimating	An estimating technique in which an algorithm is used to calculate cost or duration based on historical data and project parameters.		P
PARS	Preservation & Reformatting Section, ALA (https://www.ala.org/alcts/mgrps/pars)		P
Partner	A party to a partnership agreement.		P
Partnership	An official agreement between GPO and one or more parties that may include government, corporate, educational, or other institutions in joint projects or services that benefit the depository community.		P
Path Convergence	A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one predecessor.		P
Path Divergence	A relationship in which a schedule activity has more than one successor.		P
PCC	Program for Cooperative Cataloging		P
PDT	Print Distribution Title		P
PDT List	Print Distribution Title List		P
Percent Complete	An estimate expressed as a percent of the amount of work that has been completed on an activity or work breakdown structure component.		P
Performance Domain	A grouping of tasks and competencies, measurable against accepted standards that represent 100% of the knowledge elements and activities carried out by an individual to address a specific program management area of concentration.		P
Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB)	Integrated scope, schedule, and cost baselines used for comparison to manage, measure, and control project execution.		P
Performance Metrics	The set of measures used to evaluate and improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and results of work or processes.		P
Performance Reviews	A technique that is used to measure, compare, and analyze actual performance of work in process on the project against the baseline.		P
Performing Organization	An enterprise whose personnel are the most directly involved in doing the work of the project or program.		P
Permanent Access	Means that Government information products within the scope of the FDLP remain available for continuous, no fee public access through the program as required by 44 U.S.C. §1911.		P
Permanent Public Access (PPA)	Continuous free public access to Government information dissemination products within the scope of the public information and dissemination programs of the Superintendent of Documents in accordance with 44 U.S.C. §1911.5 See also permanent access.		P
Persistent Identifier	Provides permanence of identification, resolution of location, and is expected to be globally registered, validated, and unique.		P
Persistent Name	See persistent identifier.		P
Personalization	Dynamically tailoring options to match user characteristics, behavior, or preferences. Personalization is often implemented by analyzing data and predicting future needs. An example of personalization is a web site which provides recommendations based on past use. Compare to customization.		P
Personally Identifiable Information (PII)	Information which can be used to distinguish or trace an individual's identity, such as their name, social security number, biometric records, etc., alone, or when combined with other personal or identifying information which is linked or linkable to a specific individual, such as date and place of birth, mother's maiden name, etc. (OMB Memorandum M-07-16) [NOTE: GPO adopted the use of the OMB definition for GPO Directive 825.41a, Privacy Program: Protection of Personally Identifiable Information (PII). See also high impact personally identifiable information.		P
PgM	Program Manager		P
Phase Gate	A review at the end of a phase in which a decision is made to continue to the next phase, to continue with modification, or to end a project or program.		P
Physical FDLP Collection	The total accumulation of U.S. Government produced tangible information products added to a library’s holdings and made freely accessible to the general public. This includes, but is not limited to, those information products that were distributed through the Federal Depository Library Program or received through another depository library’s discard process. These information products are produced in a variety of formats, such as print, microfiche, floppy disks, analog video cassettes, and CDs/DVDs. A library’s entire physical FDLP collection may not be housed in the same location. It may be dispersed to the library’s general collection, a branch library, or be selectively housed in another institution’s library.		P
Piece	See document.		P
PII	Personally Identifiable Information		P
Pilot Project	Small-scale tests involving a new tool, innovation, or concept.		P
PKI	Public Key Infrastructure		P
Plurality	Decisions made by the largest block in a group, even if a majority is not achieved.		P
PM	Project Manager		P
PMBOK	The Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge		P
PMI	Project Management Institute (https://www.pmi.org/)		P
POD	Print on Demand		P
Policy	Establishes organization-wide guidance or principles to provide for the coordination and standardization of administrative functions. SuDoc policies are published as Superintendent of Documents Public Policy Statements (SOD-PPS).		P
Policy Neutral	Refers to a system which is sufficiently flexible to support changes in business policies without requiring major re-engineering or design changes.		P
PPA	Permanent Public Access		P
Practice	A specific type of professional or management activity that contributes to the execution of a process and that may employ one or more techniques and tools.		P
Precedence Relationship	A logical dependency used in the precedence diagramming method.		P
Predecessor Activity	An activity that logically comes before a dependent activity in a schedule.		P
PREMIS	Preservation Metadata Implementation Strategies		P
Preservation	Strategic initiatives, programs, and processes designed to maintain useful access to information assets, serving the information needs of both present and future generations.		P
Preservation Copy of Record	The preservation copy of record for tangible publications is the version set aside to protect its informational content and intrinsic value from decay or destruction. The copy of record may be nondestructively digitized to create a digital surrogate to function as the use copy. Intrinsic value is the worth of an item beyond the information content; it includes a combination of factors including historic value and provenance. The preservation copy of record for digital content is the preservation master file stored in a trustworthy repository. Derivatives of the preservation master copy are made available for access. The digital copy of record should be produced to specifications that will allow the creation of a printed facsimile version, should one be needed.		P
Preservation Description Information	Information necessary for adequate preservation of content information, including information on provenance, reference, fixity, and context.		P
Preservation Master	A copy which maintains all of the characteristics of the original publication, from which true copies can be made. See also preservation copy of record.		P
Preservation Master Requirements	A set of attributes for a digital object of sufficient quality to be preserved and used as the basis for derivative products and subsequent editions, copies, or manifestations.		P
Preservation Metadata	Metadata primarily intended to help manage the process of ensuring the long-term preservation and usability of information resources. See also metadata.		P
Preservation Metadata Implementation Strategies (PREMIS)	The international standard for metadata to support the preservation of digital objects and ensure their long-term usability.		P
Preservation Processes	Activities necessary to keep content accessible and usable, including migration, refreshment, and emulation.		P
Preservation Steward	Preservation Stewards are partners that commit to retain and preserve specified tangible publications of the National Collection of U.S. Government Public Information for the length of the partnership agreement. This includes both preventive maintenance and conservation treatments. Preservation Stewards may be for legacy publications, or for new publications that a library is currently selecting and upon receipt will continue to hold for the duration of the agreement.		P
Preventive Action	An intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan.		P
Print Distribution Titles List	The PDT List contains those titles that will continue to be distributed in print through the FDLP in quantities of 20, 50, and unlimited.		P
Print Materials	Materials produced by making an impression with ink on paper. Included in this definition are materials that do not require magnification (books, journals, pamphlets, and printed sheets including sheet music, two-dimensional cartographic materials, and Braille materials), as well as printed materials that require magnification (microforms).		P
Print on Demand (POD)	Hard copy produced in a short production cycle time and typically in small quantities.		P
Print Selector	Print Selectors commit to select specified tangible depository resources and retain them until they are superseded. A Print Selector agreement can only be made for superseding resources.		P
Prioritization Matrices	A quality management planning tool used to identify key issues and evaluate suitable alternatives to define a set of implementation priorities.		P
Private Key	A tiny bit of code that is paired with a public key to set off algorithms for text encryption and decryption. It is created as part of public key cryptography during asymmetric-key encryption and used to decrypt and transform a message to a readable format.. See also digital certificate, digital signature, key pair, public key.		P
Probability and Impact Matrix	A grid for mapping the probability of occurrence of each risk and its impact on project objectives if that risk occurs.		P
Procedure	An established method of accomplishing a consistent performance or result, a procedure typically can be described as the sequence of steps that will be used to execute a process.		P
Process	A systematic series of activities directed toward causing an end result such that one or more inputs will be acted upon to create one or more outputs.		P
Process Analysis	A process analysis follows the steps outlined in the process improvement plan to identify needed improvements.		P
Process Documentation Management Plan	A document that describes the process for managing and maintaining policy and procedure documents within Library Services and Content Management. It applies to Superintendent of Documents Policy Statements (SODs) that apply to LSCM and to LSCM Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), Desk Instructions (DIs), and Guidance (G) documents. It can be found on the LSCM intranet linked from Procedures.		P
Process Model	A set of diagrams and supporting information about a process and factors that could influence the process. Some process models are used to simulate the performance of the process.		P
Product (project/program management)	An artifact that is produced, is quantifiable, and can be either an end item in itself or a component item. Additional words for products are materials and goods. See also deliverable.		P
Product Analysis	For projects that have a product as a deliverable, it is a tool to define scope that generally means asking questions about a product and forming answers to describe the use, characteristics, and the other relevant aspects of what is going to be manufactured.		P
Product Life Cycle	The series of phases that represent the evolution of a product, from concept through delivery, growth, maturity, and to retirement.		P
Product Scope	The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result.		P
Product Scope Description	The documented narrative description of the product scope.		P
Program	As used in project and program management, a group of related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.		P
Program Activities	Tasks and work performed within a program.		P
Program Benefits Delivery	Work performed during the execution of a program that produces the expected benefits as defined in the benefits realization plan.		P
Program Charter	A document defining the scope and purpose of a proposed program presented to governance to obtain approval, funding, and authorization.		P
Program Communications Management	Activities necessary for the timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of program information.		P
Program Definition	A documented explanation of the boundaries, scope, objectives, and benefits that will be achieved through the conduct of a proposed program.		P
Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC)	An international cooperative effort aimed at expanding access to library collections by providing useful, timely, and cost-effective cataloging that meets mutually-accepted standards of libraries around the world.		P
Program Governance	Systems and methods by which a program is monitored, managed, and supported by its sponsoring organization.		P
Program Governance Plan	A document that describes the systems and methods to be used to monitor, manage, and support a given program, and the responsibilities of specific individuals for ensuring the timely and effective use of those systems and methods.		P
Program Initiation	Program activities conducted to combine, unify, coordinate, and align multiple components and activities within the program.		P
Program Management	The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to program definition, program benefits delivery, and program closure.		P
Program Management Plan	The full set of documents required to manage a program.		P
Program Manager (PgM)	The individual within an agency, organization, or corporation who maintains responsibility for the leadership, conduct, and performance of a program.		P
Program Master Schedule	An output of a schedule model that logically links components, milestones, and high-level activities necessary to deliver program benefits.		P
Program Sponsor	An executive in an organization responsible for providing financial resources for a program.		P
Program Strategy Alignment	Activities associated with the integration and development of business strategies or organizational goals and objectives, and the degree to which operations and performance meet stated organizational goals and objectives.		P
Programs, Strategy, and Technology (PST)	Former name of Agency Strategic Programs & GovInfo (ASPG).		P
Progressive Elaboration	The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become available.		P
Project	A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.		P
Project Calendar	A calendar that identifies working days and shifts that are available for scheduled activities.		P
Project Charter	A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.		P
Project Communications Management	Project Communications management includes the processes that are required to ensure timely and appropriate planning, collection, creation, distribution, storage, retrieval, management, control, monitoring, and the ultimate disposition of project information.		P
Project Cost Management	The processes involved in planning, estimating, budgeting, financing, funding, managing, and controlling costs so that the project can be completed within the approved budget.		P
Project Governance	The framework, functions, and processes that guide project management activities in order to create a unique product, service, or result to meet organizational, strategic, and operational goals.		P
Project Initiation	Launching a process that can result in the authorization of a new project.		P
Project Integration Management	The processes and activities to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various processes and project management activities.		P
Project Life Cycle	The series of phases that a project passes through from its start to its completion.		P
Project Management	The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.		P
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)	A term that describes the knowledge within the profession of project management. The project management body of knowledge includes proven traditional practices that are widely applied as well as innovative practices that are emerging in the profession.		P
Project Management Information System	An information system consisting of the tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the outputs of project management processes.		P
Project Management Office (PMO)	A management structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilities the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques.		P
Project Management Plan	The document that describes how the project will be executed, monitored, and controlled.		P
Project Management System	The aggregation of the processes, tools, techniques, methodologies, resources, and procedures to manage a project.		P
Project Management Team	The members of the project team who are directly involved in project management activities. See also project team.		P
Project Manager (PM)	The person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.		P
Project Phase	A collection of logically related project activities that culminates in the completion of one or more deliverables.		P
Project Quality Management	The processes for incorporating the organization's quality policy regarding planning, managing, and controlling project and product quality requirements, in order to meet stakeholders' expectations.		P
Project Risk Management	Project Risk Management includes the processes of conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, response planning, response implementation, and monitoring risk on a project.		P
Project Schedule	An output of a schedule model that presents linked activities with planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources.		P
Project Schedule Management	The processes required to manage the timely completion of the project.		P
Project Schedule Network Diagram	A graphical representation of the logical relationships among the project schedule activities.		P
Project Scope	The work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.		P
Project Scope Management	The processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.		P
Project Scope Statement	The description of the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints.		P
Project Sponsor	An executive in an organization responsible for providing financial resources for a project.		P
Project Stakeholder Management	Project Stakeholder Management includes the processes required to identify the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by the project, to analyze stakeholder expectations and their impact on the project, and to develop appropriate management strategies for effectively engaging stakeholders in project decisions and execution.		P
Project Team	A set of individuals who support the project manager in performing the work of the project to achieve its objectives. See also project management team.		P
Project Team Directory	A documented list of project team members, their project roles, and communication information.		P
Projects and Systems (P&S)	The division of LSCM responsible for maintaining systems and web pages, project management, and digitization and preservation.		P
Proof of Concept	A model created to validate the design of a solution without modelling the appearance, materials used in the creation of work, or processes and workflows ultimately used by the stakeholders.		P
Prototypes	A method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before actually building it.		P
Provenance	The chain of ownership and custody which reflects the entities that accumulated, created, used, or published information. In a traditional archival sense, provenance is an essential factor in establishing authenticity and integrity.		P
Provisional Approval	A law school that established that it is in substantial compliance with each of the Standards for Approval of Law Schools and presents a reliable plan for bringing the law school into full compliance with the Standards within three years after receiving provisional approval.		P
PST	Former name of ASPG.		P
Public Domain	A term of American copyright law referring to works that are not copyright protected; free for all to use without permission.		P
Public Information	Federal Government publications or information resources regardless of physical form or medium, compiled by Government employees, or at Government expense, or as required by law, and disseminated to the public by an agency or a contractor thereof or of educational value.		P
Public Information Programs of the Superintendent of Documents	Through statutes, the Public Information Programs of the Superintendent of Documents are: Federal Depository Library Program; Cataloging and Indexing Program; GPO's System of Online Access; U.S. Government Bookstore; By-Law Distribution; International Exchange Service.		P
Public Key	The part of a signature key pair used to validate a digital signature. See also digital certificate, digital signature, key pair, private key.		P
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)	A system of digital certificates, Certificate Authorities, and other registration authorities that verify and authenticate the validity of each party involved in an Internet transaction.		P
Publication	Content approved by its Content Originator for release to an audience. See also government publication.		P
Publication and Information Sales Program (P&IS)	Provides access to official Government information products through the U.S. Government Online Bookstore and partnerships with the private sector that offer Federal publications as eBooks.		P
Publication Lifecycle Management	Managing publications, regardless of format, through their life cycle stages of discovering, acquiring, classifying, cataloging, disseminating, accessing, archiving, and preserving.		P
Pueblo Distribution Center	GPO facility that serves as a central source of information about federal government publications helpful to citizens. FDLP promotional materials are shipped from this facility, and many consumer publications can be downloaded from their website, often in English or Spanish.		P
Pull	A network communication where the initial request for data originates from the client, and then is responded to by the server. The reverse is known as push technology, where the server pushes data to clients. See also push.		P
PURL (Persistent Uniform Resource Locator)	A type of persistent identifier that directs users to an address, even as that address changes over time. PURLs are not assigned by an external registration agency, and the body that assigns a PURL (such as GPO) is also responsible for maintenance to ensure it always redirects to the correct location, providing persistent access.		P
PURL Usage Reporting Tool	A tool used to get statistics on the traffic that your institution sends to the GPO PURL server.		P
Push	On the internet, refers to a style of communication protocol where the request for a given transaction originates with the publisher, or central server. It is contrasted with pull technology, where the request for the transmission of information originates with the receiver, or client. See also pull.		P
Quality	(1) The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements. (2) An encompassing term comprising utility, objectivity, and integrity. Therefore, the guidelines sometimes refer to these four statutory terms, collectively, as "quality" (OMB Guidelines).		Q
Quality Assurance	Activities related to the periodic evaluation of overall program quality to provide confidence that the program will comply with relevant quality policies and standards.		Q
Quality Audits	A quality audit is a structured, independent process to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes and procedures.		Q
Quality Checklists	A structured tool used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed.		Q
Quality Control	A means of monitoring specific program deliverables and results to determine whether they fulfill applicable quality requirements.		Q
Quality Control Measurements	The documented results of control quality activities.		Q
Quality Management	The activities of the performing organization that determine program quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities so that the program will be successful.		Q
Quality Management Plan	A component of the project or program management plan that describes how an organization's quality policies will be implemented.		Q
Quality Management System	The organizational framework whose structure provides the policies, processes, procedures, and resources required to implement the quality management plan. The typical quality management plan should be compatible with the organization's quality management system.		Q
Quality Metrics	A description of a project or product attribute and how to measure it.		Q
Quality Policy	Establishes the basic principles that should govern the organization's actions as it implements its system for quality management.		Q
Quality Report	A project document that includes quality management issues, recommendations for corrective actions, and a summary of findings from quality control activities and may include recommendations for process, project, and product improvements.		Q
Quality Requirement	A condition or capability that will be used to assess conformance by validating the acceptability of an attribute for the quality of a result.		Q
Questionnaires	Written sets of questions designed to quickly accumulate information from a number of respondents, aka., surveys.		Q
RACI Chart	A common type of responsibility assignment matrix that uses Responsible, Accountable, Consult, and Inform statuses to define the involvement of stakeholders in project activities.		R
RAM	Responsibility Assignment Matrix		R
Raw Data	Discrete, unorganized, unprocessed measurements or raw observations.		R
RBS	Risk Breakdown Structure		R
RD	Requirements Document		R
RDA	Resource Description & Access		R
Reactivation	Changing the status of an item number or SuDoc class stem from Inactive to Active.		R
Real Time	Occurring immediately. The term is used to describe a number of different computer features. For example, real-time operating systems are systems that respond to input immediately. They are used for such tasks as navigation, in which a computer must react to a steady flow of new information without interruptions. Most general-purpose operating systems are not real-time because they can take a few seconds, or even, minutes, to react.		R
Recall	An agency request to withdraw materials from the FDLP. The request must be authorized by the GPO Director or the Superintendent of Documents.		R
Receipt record	A record containing information on the delivery and acceptance of publication stock.		R
Recipient	An authorized user or system process that is permitted to receive content per their user role and group.		R
Record (noun)	A group of related fields that store data about a subject or activity. A collection of records make up a file.		R
Record (verb)	To capture data according to system specifications.		R
Records (records management)	All books, papers, maps, photographs, machine-readable materials, or other documentary materials, regardless of physical form or characteristics, made or received by an agency of the United States Government under Federal law or in connection with the transaction of public business and preserved or appropriate for preservation by that agency or its legitimate successor as evidence of the organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures, operations, or other activities of the government or because of the informational value of the data in them. Library and museum materials made or acquired and preserved solely for reference or exhibition purposes, extra copies of documents preserved only for convenience of reference, and stocks of publications and of processed documents are not included. (44 U.S.C. 3301)		R
Records Disposition (records management)	Any activity with respect to (1) disposal of temporary records no longer necessary for the conduct of business by destruction or donation; (2) transfer of records to Federal agency storage facilities or records centers; (3) transfer to the National Archives of the United States of records determined to have sufficient historical or other value to warrant continued preservation; or (4) transfer of records from one Federal agency to any other Federal agency.		R
Records Management	The planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and other managerial activities involved with respect to records creation, records maintenance and use, and records disposition in order to achieve adequate and proper documentation of the policies and transactions of the Federal Government and effective and economical management of agency operations. (44 U.S.C. 2901(2))		R
Reference Tools	Finding aids, bibliographies, and other services to assist in locating and use of information, often less formally organized than catalogs and indexes.		R
Refresh	To copy information content from one storage medium to another, so that the data remains unchanged but the underlying medium is replaced.		R
Region	The jurisdiction of the FDLP served by a designated regional depository.		R
Regional Coordinator	The depository coordinator in a regional depository library.		R
Regional Copy	An FDLP publication designated as the region's copy, to be selected and retained permanently unless otherwise authorized by the Superintendent of Documents. The publication is housed and made accessible at the regional depository library or at an institution which has an agreement with the regional depository library to house and provide access to the resource.		R
Regional Depository Library	A Federal depository library designated by a state's Senator or resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico. A regional depository is responsible for long-term public access of their region's depository collection and for providing special services to the selective depositories within the area served by them.		R
Regional Discard Eligibility (SOD-RDE)	A notification of the Superintendent of Documents sent to regional depository coordinators when a title qualifies for weeding from their collection, in accordance with Superintendent of Documents Public Policy Statement (SOD-PPS) 2020-1, Government Publications Authorized for Discard by Regional Depository Libraries. For more information see Regional Discard Policy \| FDLP.		R
Regional Online Selections Authorization (SOD-ROSA)	A notification of the Superintendent of Documents sent to regional depository coordinators that allows them to de-select item numbers for tangible materials and select online versions of specified titles, in accordance with Superintendent of Documents Public Policy Statement (SOD-PPS-2022-1), Regional Depository Libraries Selecting Solely Online Materials. For more information see Regional Online Selections Policy \| FDLP.		R
Regional Online Substitution	Allows regional depository libraries to select online versions of specified titles without having to select a corresponding tangible version, in accordance with SOD-PPS-2022-1.		R
Regression Analysis	An analytic technique where a series of input variables are examined in relation to their corresponding output results in order to develop a mathematical or statistical relationship.		R
Regulation	An authoritative rule, typically accompanied by some mechanism for monitoring and ensuring compliance.		R
Relationship (metadata)	A statement of association between instances of entities. In PREMIS, the association(s) between two or more object entities, or between entities of different types, such as an object and an agent.		R
Relinquishing Depository Designation	The act or process of a library officially withdrawing from the Federal Depository Library Program. See also designation.		R
Remote User	A user who accesses a GPO system from someplace other than GPO premises. Remote users may be either external users or internal users.		R
Render	To transform digital information in the form received from a repository into a display on a computer screen or other presentation to a user.		R
Rendition	Instance of a publication expressed using a specific digital format.		R
Replication	Make copies of digital material for backup, performance, reliability, or preservation.		R
Report	Information organized in a narrative, graphic, or tabular form, prepared on an ad hoc, period, recurring, regular, or as required bases. Reports may refer to specific periods, events, occurrences, or subjects.		R
Repository	A computer system used to store digital collections and disseminate them to users.		R
Representation Information	The information that maps a data object into more meaningful concepts. An example is the ASCII definition that describes how a sequence of bits (i.e., a Data Object) is mapped into a symbol.		R
Request for Information (RFI)	A type of procurement document whereby the buyer requests a potential seller to provide various pieces of information related to a product or service or seller capability.		R
Request for Proposal (RFP)	A type of procurement document used to request proposals from prospective sellers of products or services. In some application areas, it may have narrower or more specific meaning.		R
Request for Quotation (RFQ)	A type of procurement document used to request price quotations from prospective sellers of common or standard products or services. Sometimes used in place of request for proposal and, in some applications, it may have narrower or more specific meaning.		R
Requested Change	See change request.		R
Requirement	(1) A condition or capability that is required to be present in a product, service, or result to satisfy a business need. (2) Any condition, constraint, need, or rule to be met.		R
Requirements Architecture	The requirements of an initiative and the interrelationships between these requirements.		R
Requirements Backlog	A listing of product requirements and deliverables to be completed, written as stories, and prioritized by the business to manage and organize the project's work.		R
Requirements Document (RD)	A document that lists features or functions needed to meet the business need for the project.		R
Requirements Documentation	A description of how individual requirements meet the business need for the project.		R
Requirements Management Plan	A component of the project or program management plan that describes how requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed.		R
Requirements Traceability Matrix	A grid that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them.		R
Requisition	A written order or formal demand by the user(s) of goods or services (which are not made available without a specific request) to the organization's purchase (or stores) department. It generally includes the brand and model name or number, description, quantity, and the required delivery date.		R
Requisition record	A record containing information on the procurement of publication stock.		R
Reserve	A provision in the project management plan to mitigate cost and/or schedule risk. Often used with a modifier (e.g. management reserve, contingency reserve) to provide further detail on what kinds of risk are meant to be mitigated.		R
Reserve Analysis	An analytical technique to determine the essential the essential features and relationships of components of the project management plan to establish a reserve for the schedule duration, budget, estimated cost, of funds for a project.		R
Residual Risk	A risk that remains after risk responses have been implemented.		R
Resource	A team member or any physical item needed to complete the project.		R
Resource Breakdown Structure	A hierarchical representation of resources by category and type.		R
Resource Calendar	A calendar that identifies the working days and shifts on which each specific resource is available.		R
Resource Description & Access	A package of data elements, guidelines, and instructions for creating library and cultural heritage resource metadata that are well-formed according to international models for user-focused linked data applications. [from RDA Toolkit]		R
Resource Leveling	A resource optimization technique in which adjustments are made to the project schedule to optimize the allocation of resources and which might affect critical path. See also resource optimization technique and resource smoothing.		R
Resource Management Plan	A component of the project management plan that describes how project resources are acquired, allocated, monitored, and controlled.		R
Resource Manager	An individual with management authority over one or more resources.		R
Resource Optimization Technique	A technique in which activity start and finish dates are adjusted to balance demand for resources with the available supply. See also resource leveling and resource smoothing.		R
Resource Requirements	The types and qualities of resources required for each activity in a work package.		R
Resource Smoothing	A resource optimization technique in which free and total float are used without affecting the critical path. See also resource leveling and resource optimization technique.		R
Response Time	The elapsed time between the end of an inquiry or demand on a computer system and the beginning of a response; for example, the length of the time between an indication of the end of an inquiry and the display of the first character of the response at a user terminal.		R
Responsibility	An assignment that can be delegated within a project management plan such that the assigned resource incurs a duty to perform the requirements of the assignment.		R
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)	A grid that shows the project resources assigned to each work package. 1 A RACI chart is an example of a responsibility assignment matrix.		R
Result	An output from performing project management processes and activities. Results include outcomes (e.g., integrated systems, revised process, restructured organization, tests, trained personnel, etc.) and documents (e.g., policies, plans, studies, procedures, specifications, reports, etc.). See also deliverable.		R
Retention Commitment	A retention commitment is a formal signed agreement between the U.S. Government Publishing Office and a library or a Federal agency in which the library or Federal agency guarantees to hold and preserve specified National Collection of U.S. Government Public Information titles for a length of time that is indicated in the agreement.		R
Rework	Action taken to bring a defective or nonconforming component into compliance with requirements or specifications.		R
RFI	Request for Information		R
RFP	Request for Proposal		R
RFQ	Request for Quotation		R
Risk	An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives. 1 See also opportunity.		R
Risk Acceptance	A risk response strategy whereby the project team decides to acknowledge the risk and not take any action unless the risk occurs.		R
Risk Appetite	The degree of uncertainty an entity is willing to take on, in anticipation of a reward.		R
Risk Audit	A type of audit used to consider the effectiveness of the risk management process.		R
Risk Avoidance	A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to eliminate the threat or protect the project from its impact.		R
Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)	A hierarchical representation of risks according to their risk categories.		R
Risk Categorization	Organization by sources of risk (e.g., using the RBS), the area of the project affected (e.g., using the WBS), or other useful category (e.g., the project phase) to determine the areas of the project most exposed to the effects of uncertainty.		R
Risk Category	A group of potential causes of risk.		R
Risk Data Quality Assessment	Technique to evaluate the degree to which the data about risks is useful for risk management.		R
Risk Enhancement	A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to eliminate the threat or protect the project from its impact.		R
Risk Escalation	A risk response strategy whereby the project team acknowledges that a risk is outside the sphere of influence and shifts the ownership of the risk to a higher level of the organization where it is more effectively managed.		R
Risk Exploiting	A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to ensure that an opportunity occurs. See also opportunity, risk.		R
Risk Exposure	An aggregate measure of the potential impact of all risks at any given point in time in a project, program, or portfolio.		R
Risk Management	The identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities.		R
Risk Management Plan	A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed.		R
Risk Mitigation	A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to decrease the probability of occurrence or impact of a threat.		R
Risk Owner	The person responsible for monitoring the risks and for selecting and implementing an appropriate risk response strategy.		R
Risk Reassessment	Risk reassessment is the identification of new risks, reassessment of current risks, and the closing of risks that are outdated.		R
Risk Register	A document in which the outputs management processes are recorded.		R
Risk Report	A project document that summarizes information on individual projects and the level of overall project risk.		R
Risk Review	A meeting to examine and document the effectiveness of risk responses in dealing with overall project risk and with identified individual risks.		R
Risk Sharing	A risk response strategy whereby the project team allocates ownership of an opportunity to a third party who is best able to capture the benefit of that opportunity.		R
Risk Threshold	Measure of the acceptable variation around an objective that reflects the risk appetite of the organization and stakeholders. See also risk appetite.		R
Risk Tolerance	The degree, amount, or volume of risk that an organization or individual will withstand.		R
Risk Transference	A risk response strategy whereby the project team shifts the impact of a threat to a third party, together with ownership of the response.		R
Risk Urgency Assessment	Review and determination of the timing of actions that may need to occur sooner than other risk items.		R
Roadmap	A chronological representation of a program's intended direction, graphically depicting dependencies between major milestones and decision points, while communicating the linkage between the business strategy and the program work.		R
Role	A defined function to be performed by a project team member, such as testing, filing, inspecting, or coding.		R
Rolling Wave Planning	An iterative planning technique in which the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a higher level.		R
Root Cause Analysis	An analytical technique used to determine the basic underlying reason that causes a variance or a defect or a risk. A root cause may underlie more than one variance or defect or risk.		R
ROSA	Regional Online Selections Authorization		R
RUSA	Reference and User Services Association, ALA (https://www.ala.org/rusa/)	https://www.ala.org/rusa/	R
SAA	Society of American Archivists		S
SACO	Subject Authority Cooperative Program		S
Scatter Diagram	A correlation chart that uses a regression line to explain or to predict how the change in an independent variable will change a dependent variable.		S
Schedule	See schedule baseline and schedule model.		S
Schedule Baseline	The approved version of a schedule model that can be changed using formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.		S
Schedule Compression	Techniques used to shorten the schedule duration without reducing the project scope.		S
Schedule Data	The collection of information for describing and controlling the schedule.		S
Schedule Forecasts	Estimates or predictions of conditions and events in the project's future based on information and knowledge available at the time the schedule is calculated.		S
Schedule Management Plan	A component of the project management plan that established the criteria and the activities for developing, monitoring, and controlling the schedule.		S
Schedule Model	A representation of the plan for executing the project's activities including durations, dependencies, and other planning information, used to produce a project schedule along with other scheduling artifacts.		S
Schedule Network Analysis	The technique of identifying early and late state dates, as well as early and late finish dates, for the uncompleted portions of project schedule activities.		S
Schedule Variance (SV)	A measure of schedule performance expressed as the difference between the earned value and the planned value.		S
Scheduling Tool	A tool that provides schedule component names, definitions, structural relationships, and formats that support the application of a scheduling method.		S
Scope	(1) The extend of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant. (2) The sum of the products, services, and results to be provided as a project. See also project scope and product scope.		S
Scope Baseline	The approved version of a scope statement, work breakdown structure (WBS), and its associated WBS dictionary, that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison.		S
Scope Change	Any change to the project scope. A scope change almost always requires an adjustment to the project cost or schedule. 1 See also change control, change request.		S
Scope Creep	The uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources.		S
Scope Management Plan	A component of the project or program management plan that describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and verified.		S
Secondary Risk	A risk that arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response.		S
Section 508	Section 508 is a Federal law that is part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which established guidelines for technology accessibility Section 508 requires that any Information and Communication Technology (ICT) developed, procured, maintained or used by Federal departments and agencies must allow Federal employees and members of the public with disabilities access to and use of information and data.		S
Security	The protections of systems against unauthorized access to or modification of information, whether in storage, processing, or transit, and against the denial of service to authorized users or the provision of service to unauthorized users, including those measures necessary to detect, document, and counter such threats. The measures and controls, including physical controls in conjunction with management, technical, and procedural controls, that ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information processed and sorted by a system. See also application security.		S
Select	To change an item number on a library's selection profile from non-selected to selected in order to receive the publication or access to it.		S
Selection	The item numbers selected on a library's profile are also referred to as that library's selections.		S
Selection Profile	See item selection profile		S
Selective Depository Library	A depository library that is allowed to choose which items distributed by the FDLP that it wishes to receive based on the information needs of the community and the general public that they serve.		S
Selective Housing Agreement	Former term. See Shared Housing Agreement (SHA)		S
Self-Study of a Depository Library	A process formerly used by GPO to assess the library's conditions and compliance with Title 44.		S
Separate Shipments	Those depository items deemed inappropriate for shipment in regular depository boxes and whose shipping lists follow in regular shipment boxes. These are usually large bound or unbound volumes, maps or posters in tubes, and oversized publications. Also referred to as Separates.		S
Serial	A publication in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely.		S
Serial Control	The activity of identifying and managing serials or series.		S
Serial Supplement	An annual volume of the print Monthly Catalog detailing bibliographic information on Federal government serials. Ceased with 2004 volume.		S
Series	A group of separate publications related to one another by the fact that each bears, in addition to its own title proper, a collective title applying to the group as a whole. The individual publications may or may not be numbered.		S
SGMP	Society of Government Meeting Professionals		S
SHA	Shared Housing Agreement		S
Shared Housing Agreement (SHA)	A written agreement between a Federal Depository Library and another institution, submitted to GPO and the regional depository library, when depository materials are placed in an institution outside the depository director's authority. When a regional depository is housing materials with another depository this way, the materials housed are "regional copies." See also regional copies.		S
Shared Regional	A formal, documented FDLP arrangement involving at least one designated regional depository library and other regional or selective depository libraries that collaborate to develop their collections and provide services.		S
Shared Repository	A facility established, governed, and used by multiple institutions to provide storage space for library materials. Can be for digital or tangible content.		S
Shipping List	A universal, itemized list of all documents sent to depositories through the FDLP. A library will only receive publications from a given shipping list that are included on its selection profile. A shipment box may contain one or more shipping lists.		S
Shipping List Number	A unique number assigned to each shipping list based on the format of the documents included. (FORMAT: 9999-9999-X. The first 4 numeric digits represent the fiscal year, and the alpha character at the end represents format, i.e., 2009-0001-P would be a shipping list for paper documents and 2009-0001-E would be a shipping list of tangible electronic documents.)		S
Signature Certificate	A public key certificate that contains a public key intended for verifying digital signatures rather than encrypting data or performing any other cryptographic functions.		S
Simulation	An analytical technique that models the effect of uncertainties to evaluate their potential impact on objectives.		S
SLA	Special Libraries Association		S
SOD-DGD	Superintendent of Documents Depository Guidance Document		S
SOD-PPS	Superintendent of Documents Public Policy Statement		S
SOD-RDE	Superintendent of Documents Regional Discard Eligibility		S
SOD-ROSA	Superintendent of Documents Regional Online Selections Authorization		S
Software Framework (computer programming)	An abstraction in which software providing generic functionality can be selectively changed by additional user-written code, thus providing application-specific software. A software framework is a universal, reusable software environment that provides particular functionality as part of a larger software platform to facilitate development of software applications, products and solutions. Software frameworks may include support programs, compilers, code libraries, tool sets, and application programming interfaces (APIs) that bring together all the different components to enable development of a product or solution.		S
Source Selection Criteria	A set of attributes desired by the buyer which a seller is required to meet or exceed to be selected for a contract.		S
SOW	Statement of Work		S
Special Selection Offer	A means to allow libraries that do not select the item number of a significant publication to have a one-time opportunity to request and receive an individual title in tangible format. The special selection becomes part of the library's depository collection, and is subject to regular FDLP retention rules.		S
Specification	A precise statement of the needs to be satisfied and the essential characteristics that are required.		S
Sponsor	A person or group who provides resources and support for the project, program, or portfolio and is accountable for enabling success.		S
Sponsoring Organization	The entity responsible for providing the project's sponsor and a conduit for project funding or other project resources.		S
SSO	Special Selection Offer		S
Stakeholder	An individual, group, organization, or designated communities who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project, program, or portfolio.		S
Stakeholder Analysis	A technique of systematically gathering and analyzing quantitative and qualitative information to determine whose interests should be considered throughout the project.		S
Stakeholder Engagement Plan	A component of the project management plan that identifies the strategies and actions required for productive involvement of stakeholders in project and program decision making and execution.		S
Stakeholder Register	A project document including the identification, assessment, and classification of project stakeholders.		S
Standard	A document established by an authority, custom, or general consent as a model or example.		S
Star Print	Corrected editions of Congressional publications identifiable by stars printed in the lower left corner of their title pages or covers. Takes precedence over the original print of a report, document, or bill.		S
Statement of Work (SOW)	A narrative description of products, services, or results to be delivered.		S
Statistical Sampling	Choosing part of a population of interest for analysis.		S
Status	A representation of the internal conditions defining the state of a process or activity at a particular point in time.		S
Steering Committee	See NCSA Steering Committees		S
Stock	On hand copies of a publication.		S
Storage Media	Any media used for storing data, such as hard disks, floppy disks, optical disks, or magnetic tape.		S
Structural Metadata	Metadata which records structures, formats, and relationships. See also metadata.		S
Subscription	An agreement by which a user obtains access to requested content by payment of a periodic fee or other agreed upon terms.		S
Substitution	Replacing one format of a publication with the same content in another format. There are three types of substitution: tangible, online, and regional online.		S
Successor Activity	A dependent activity that logically comes after another activity in a schedule.		S
SuDoc Class Stem	The class stem is the classification number up to the colon. It consists of letter author symbols for the parent issuing body, numbers indicating subordinate offices, followed by a period, and numbers designating category classes, series, or serial title, followed by a colon. For example, in "I 19.16:725" the stem is "I 19.16:".		S
SuDoc Class Suffix	The part of the classification number following the colon, used to uniquely identify an individual publication and to differentiate one publication from all others classed under the same stem. The year or date of a serial issue, the series number printed on the publication, a Cutter number, or a system generated number may be used to complete the class. The SuDoc Class Suffix is also called the book number.		S
SuDoc Classification Number	Comprised of a SuDoc class stem, followed by a SuDoc class suffix or book number. Taken as a whole, the SuDoc Classification Number uniquely identifies an individual publication issued by the Federal government.		S
Summary Activity	A group of related schedule activities aggregated and displayed as a single activity.		S
Superintendent of Documents	A government official appointed by the Director of GPO to oversee GPO's Public Information Programs.		S
Superintendent of Documents (SuDoc) Classification	A system designed to group together publications by the same Government author. Within an agency or department, publications are grouped according to subordinate organization. The purpose of this system is to uniquely identify, logically relate, and physically arrange each publication so that all publications of a single agency or department may be found together.		S
Superintendent of Documents Classification Guidelines	A resource that describes the organization of a Federal documents collection when the SuDoc Classification System is used. The resource also conveys current policies for assigning SuDoc Classification numbers. The principles of the SuDocs system apply to all U.S. Government publications, regardless of format. Available at https://www.fdlp.gov/cataloging-and-classification/classification-guidelines		S
Superintendent of Documents Depository Guidance Document	See Depository Guidance Document.		S
Superintendent of Documents Public Policy Statement	Superintendent of Documents (SOD) policies support the U.S. Government Publishing Office's (GPO's) mission of "Keeping America Informed" and the mission, vision, and priorities of the GPO's public information programs. Policies provide guidance for and assist with decision-making, which is primarily operational in nature. That is, guidance that affects the operations of Library Services and Content Management (LSCM). Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are developed to implement policies.		S
Superintendent of Documents Regional Discard Eligibility	See Reginal Discard Eligibility.		S
Superintendent of Documents Regional Online Selections Authorization	See Regional Online Selections Authorization.		S
Superseded List	List of document titles or series that are replaced by new editions. Since the November 2015 edition, FDSS guidance has replaced updates to the list.		S
SWOT Analysis	Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization, project, or option.		S
System	An organized collection of components that have been optimized to work together in a functional whole.		S
System Metadata	Data generated by the system that records jobs, processes, activities, and tasks of the system. See also metadata.		S
System of Record	An information storage system (commonly implemented on a computer system running a database management system) that is the authoritative data source for any given data element or piece of information. The need to identify systems of record can become acute in organizations where information management systems have been built by taking data output from multiple source systems, re-processing this data, and then re-processing the result for a new business issue.		S
Systems Administrator	A user class that directly supports the use, operation, and integrity of the system.		S
Tacit Knowledge	Personal knowledge that can be difficult to articulate and share, such as beliefs, experience, and insights.		T
Tailoring	Determining the appropriate combination of processes, inputs, tools, techniques, outputs, and life cycle phases to manage a project.		T
Tangible	Refers to information conveyed on a physical medium.		T
Tangible Electronic Publication	Publications distributed on physical storage media, such as CD-ROM or DVD. Electronic publication disseminated online are not tangible publications.		T
Tangible Product	Information conveyed on a physical medium. Tangible products may		T
Tangible Publication	Books, maps, VHS, diskettes, CD-ROMs, and DVDs distributed through the FDLP in in physical form. By contrast, items disseminated online are not tangible publications.		T
Tangible Substitution	Substituting depository material with content in another tangible format: paper, microfiche, CD/DVD, etc. See https://www.fdlp.gov/guidance/weeding-depository-collection for details.		T
Task Force on a Digital FDLP	GPO Director Halpern convened the Task Force in January 2022 to determine whether a digital FDLP is possible, and if so, to define the scope of a digital depository program and make recommendations as to how to implement and operate such a program. The Task Force issued its final report in December 2022.		T
Team Charter	A document that records the team values, agreements, and operating guidelines, as well as establishing clear expectations regarding acceptable behavior by project team members.		T
Technical Metadata	See structural metadata. See also metadata.		T
Technique	A defined systematic procedure employed by a human resource to perform an activity to produce a product or result or deliver a service, and that may employ one or more tools.		T
Templates	A partially complete document in a predefined format that provides a defined structure for collecting, organizing, and presenting information and data.		T
Test and Evaluation Documents	Project documents that describe the activities used to determine if the product meets the quality objectives stated in the quality management plan.		T
Test Case	(1) A set of inputs, execution conditions, and expected results developed for a particular objective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement. (2) Documentation specifying inputs, predicted results, and a set of execution conditions for a test item. A document describing a single test instance in terms of input data, test procedure, test execution environment and expected outcome. Test cases also reference test objectives such as verifying compliance with a particular requirement or execution of a particular program path.		T
Threat	A risk that would have a negative effect on one or more project objectives.		T
Three-Point Estimating	A technique used to estimate cost or duration by applying an average or weighted average of an optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates.		T
Threshold	A predetermined value of a measurable project variable that represents a limit that requires action to be taken if it is reached.		T
Title	The designation of a separate bibliographic whole, whether issued in one or several volumes, reels, discs, slides, or other parts.		T
Title 44	[need definition]		T
To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI)	A measure of the cost performance that is required to be achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified management goal, expressed as a ration of the cost to finish the remaining work to the remaining budget.		T
Tolerance	The quantified description of acceptable variation for a quality requirement.		T
Total Float	The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from its early start date without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint.		T
TRAIL	Technical Report Archive & Image Library		T
Trend Analysis	An analytical technique that uses mathematical models to forecast future outcomes based on historical results.		T
Trigger Condition	An event or situation that indicates that a risk is about to occur.		T
Trusted Certificate	See digital certificate.		T
Trusted Content	Official Government information that is provided by or certified by a trusted source.		T
Trusted Source	The publishing agency or a GPO partner that provides or certifies official FDLP content.		T
Trustworthy Digital Repository	A trustworthy digital repository that has a mission to provide reliable, long-term access to digital resources to its Designated Community, now, and into the future. To fulfill this mission, a trustworthy digital repository is committed to the continuous monitoring of risks to its systems and responsibilities, ongoing strategic action and technology implementation to meet the needs of its Designated Community, and regularly ensure the transparency of its preservation and assessment activities to the public.		T
UAT	User Acceptance Testing		U
Unanimity	Agreement by everyone in the group on a single course of action.		U
Unauthenticated Copies	Exact copies or reproductions of records or other materials that are not certified as such under seal and that need not be legally accepted as evidence.		U
Uncertainty	The lack of predictability, the prospects for surprise, and the sense of awareness and understanding of issues and events. See also VUCA.		U
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)	A unique sequence of characters that identifies a logical or physical resource used by web technologies.		U
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)	A location or address where documents can be found on the internet.		U
Uniform Resource Name (URN)	A Uniform Resource Identifier that urn scheme. URNs are globally unique persistent identifiers assigned within defined namespaces so they will be available for a long period of time, even after the resource which they identify ceases to exist or becomes unavailable. URNs cannot be used to directly locate an item and need not be resolvable, as they are simply templates that another parser may use to find an item.		U
Union Catalog	A list of the combined holdings of several depository libraries. The goal of the CGP is to serve as a union catalog for all Federal depository libraries.		U
Union List	In general, a complete list of the holdings of a group of libraries of materials of a certain type, on a certain subject, or in a particular field, usually compiled for the purpose of resource sharing. Specific to the FDLP, the composite selection profiles in DSIMS comprise a union list of the selection profiles of all Federal depository libraries.		U
UNIONL	The file that is downloaded from DSIMS containing the union list of all Federal depository libraries' selection profiles.		U
Unique Identifier	A character string that uniquely identifies digital objects, content packages and jobs within the system.		U
Unreported Document	Public information products that are not discoverable through the Government Publishing Office's Catalog of U.S. Government Publications (CGP). Formerly known as a fugitive document.		U
Urgent-Important Matrix	See Eisenhower Matrix.		U
URI	Uniform Resource Identifier		U
URL	Uniform Resource Locator		U
URN	Uniform Resource Name		U
USDA	U.S. Department of Agriculture		U
Use Case	A description of the behavior of a system or part of a system; a set of sequences or actions, including variants that a system performs to yield an observable result of value.		U
User	The individual who interacts with a program, system, or collection of information to perform tasks and produce results.		U
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)	Testing that validates that the system meets GPO's mission and business needs for the capabilities allocated to that release, in order to expose issues before the system is released to a wider audience in beta testing. This testing involves real-world, internal exposure or operation to the system.		U
User Interface	The aggregate of means by which individuals interact with the system.		U
USGS	United States Geological Society		U
Utility	The usefulness of the information to its intended users, including the public. In assessing the usefulness of information that the agency disseminates to the public, the agency needs to consider the uses of the information not only from the perspective of the agency but also from the perspective of the public (OMB Guidelines).		U
Validation	The assurance that a product, service, or system meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders. Contrast with verification.		V
Variation	An actual condition that is different from the expected condition that is contained in the baseline plan.		V
Vendor	Contracted companies that provide services for LSCM; also referred to as contractors.		V
Verification	The evaluation of whether or not a product, service, or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. Contrast with validation.		V
Verified Deliverables	Completed project or contract deliverables that have been checked and confirmed for correctness.		V
Version	Unique manifestation of content.		V
Version Control	The activity of identifying and managing different manifestations of a title.		V
Version Information	Information stored in metadata that describes a title and the relationship between various manifestations of it.		V
Virtual Teams	Groups of people with a shared goal who fulfill their roles with little or no time spent meeting in person.		V
Voice of the Customer	A planning technique used to provide products, services, and results that truly reflect customer requirements by translating those customer requirements into the appropriate technical requirements for each phase of project product development.		V
Volatility	The nature and dynamics of change, and the nature and speed of change forces and change catalysts. See also VUCA.		V
Volume	A single physical unit or digital equivalent of any printed, typewritten, handwritten, mimeographed or processed work, distinguished from other units by a separate binding, encasement, portfolio, or other clear distinction, which has been cataloged, classified, and made ready for use, and which is typically the unit used to charge circulation transactions. Either a serial volume is bound, or it comprises the serial issues that would be bound together if the library bound all serials.		V
VUCA	An acronym used to describe or reflect upon the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity of general conditions and situations. The deeper meaning of each VUCA element serves to enhance the strategic significance of VUCA foresight and insight as well as the behavior of groups and individuals in organizations. It discusses systemic failures and behavioral failures, which are characteristic of organizational failure. See also volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity.		V
WBS	Work breakdown structure		W
WBS Dictionary	A document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the work breakdown structure (WBS).		W
WEBTech Notes	Interactive online resource to locate information on corrections to SuDoc classification numbers, new or cancelled item numbers, new or cancelled SuDoc class stems, and status updates on serials or series.		W
Wicked Problem	In planning and policy, a wicked problem is a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize. It refers to an idea or problem that cannot be fixed, where there is no single solution to the problem; and "wicked" denotes resistance to resolution, rather than evil.		W
Withdrawal	Document or item removed from a collection.		W
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)	A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.		W
Work Breakdown Structure Component	An entry in the work breakdown structure that can be at any level.		W
Work of the United States Government	A work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person's official duties. In accordance with 17 United States Code § 105, a work of the U.S. Government is not subject to copyright protections.		W
Work Package	The work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed.		W
Workaround	A response to a threat that has occurred, for which a prior response had not been planned or was not effective.		W
WTN	WebTech Notes		W
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)	A markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data. It defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine readable.		X
Year In Review	This publication highlights LSCM's major accomplishments over the previous fiscal year and serves to map LSCM's work for the future. Released annually, current and previous issues can be found on FDLP.gov.		Y
Yellowing	A condition in which material is discolored, darkening from a neutral white shade to shades ranging from cream to brown.		Y
Z39.50	An American National Standard protocol used by networked computer systems for information retrieval. It enables information seekers to search different systems on a network or the Internet through the use of a single user interface. It is also an adopted international standard, ISO 23950.		Z