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  1. Home
  2. GPO Cataloging Guidelines
  3. Subject Cataloging: General Policies

Subject Cataloging: General Policies

  • Last Updated: May 27, 2022
  • Published: November 12, 2021

The inclusion of subject access points in catalog records aids users to retrieve information and to identify and locate specific resources based on subjects.

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)

  1. The Library of Congress' (LC's) Subject Headings Manual (SHM) provides for the establishment of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) for topical concepts/ideas, buildings, non-jurisdictional geographic names, etc., the addition of new subdivisions, cross-references, and the updating of subject authority records.
  2. GPO is a member of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging's (PCC) Subject Authority Cooperative component, SACO.
  3. GPO catalogers access LC subject authority records via OCLC's authority file, or via LC's Classification Web system (aka Class Web or Minaret). GPO has its own subject authority records in its Integrated Library System (ILS), Aleph. The local versions of these records are essentially the same as their counterparts in LC or OCLC. Except for cataloger codes and other minor proprietary information, GPO adds no additional information to its local versions of subject authority records.
  4. GPO proposes new subject authority records, and changes to existing ones, according to the instructions in the Library of Congress' Subject Headings Manual (SHM).
  5. With the possible exception of certain NASA records, catalogers enter LCSH in all bibliographic records. These are tagged 600, 610, 611, 630, 650, or 651, and coded with second indicator "0." The number of LCSH fields in a bibliographic record may vary between one (1) and ten (10), but usually average between three (3) and five (5). Catalogers follow SHM H 80 for the order of subject headings. When SHM H 80 does not prescribe any order, subject headings are placed in order by MARC field tag.
  6. With the exception of certain titles that do not need to be established (see SHM H 1435), all subject headings entries and subject heading subdivisions appearing in GPO records must be confirmed in the OCLC authority files or by a subject heading proposal in the Library of Congress’ Classification Web system. This includes all subjects and names used as subjects (personal names, corporate/conference names, uniform titles, and jurisdictional geographic names) that appear in the 6XX fields of bibliographic records. A temporary exception may be made for Congressionals or other priority titles, when names used in these as subjects (fields 600, 610, or 611) are in the process of having NACO records prepared.
  7. Catalogers are responsible for correctly assigning and recording subject added entries in the 600, 610, 611, 630, 650, and 651 fields. These must be authorized in the OCLC subject authority file, and follow SHM instructions. Catalogers should additionally follow instructions in the other souces cited below. If a subject heading is needed for the resource cataloged, that is not found in OCLC's subject authority file, or if the heading is found but requires additional authority work, such as the addition of cross-references, the cataloger creates a new or change subject proposal in LC's Classification Web system, following SACO procedures. The new proposed subject heading may be entered in the bibliographic record before being approved by LC, as long as the record is entered at level I, and not at the PCC level. If catalogers are not sure whether to make a proposal or not, they should ask the SACO liaison first (before beginning any work).

GPO catalogers consult the sources listed below for instructions on subject heading assignment, checking and revising subject headings in existing records, and the proposing of new and changed subject authority records needed for subject cataloging.

The primary sources consulted are:

  • SHM Subject Headings Manual
  • LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings) via Classification Web (Class Web) or Minaret
  • SACO Participant's Manual
  • Basic Subject Cataloging Using LCSH
  • Janis Young's "Assigning Library of Congress Subject Headings Webinar: Handout" (GPO internal training material)
  • Janis Young's "Assigning Library of Congress Subject Headings Webinar: Exercises" (GPO internal training material)  

NASA Thesaurus Terms as Subject Headings

For publications assigned NASA technical report SuDocs numbers (NAS 1.15: NAS 1.26: NAS 1.2/2-2: NAS 1.60:) GPO assigns subject headings from the NASA Thesaurus.  The NASA Thesaurus is a list of subject descriptors that NASA assigns to records for technical publications available at the NASA Technical Report Server and other sites.  These records are available at the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) Aeronautics and Space Database, which is password-protected and requires a user name.  The cataloger searches the title being cataloged in the database, opens the "full display" of the found record, and locates the NASA "major" subject terms on the record. The terms are then transcribed as 650 subject headings in the corresponding OCLC record, following standard Library of Congress subject heading capitalization practice, and coded as NASA Thesaurus headings (i.e. second indicator "7" and subfield "2" followed by "nasat").

Example

650  7  Boundary layers. ǂ2 nasat

If a NASA technical report is published as a multipart, there will be a record for each part in the CASI database.  All NASA Thesaurus terms for the parts will be transcribed in the OCLC record, with the exception of identical terms already transcribed from other parts.

Library of Congress subject headings are included on a NASA technical report bibliographic record when a record cannot be found in the CASI database for the title being cataloged. If an OCLC record containing Library of Congress subject headings is being used for copy cataloging for a NASA technical report, those headings will be retained on the OCLC record, as well as the record in the CGP.  

Because NASA Thesaurus headings meet the BIBCO standard of being derived from a "recognized thesaurus," catalog records containing such headings are eligible for upgrade to PCC status, provided that the records meet all other PCC standards.   

MESH, NAL, and Other Non-LC Subject Headings

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) and National Agricultural Library (AGL) maintain their own subject thesauri for use in their cataloging work. The headings are coded in the 6xx Marc field as:

  • Medical Subject Headings (MESH): second indicator "2"; and
  • National Agricultural Library Subject Authority File (NAL): second indicator "3".

When encountered during copy cataloging, GPO retains these headings for the CGP only when there is clear indication that they were entered by NLM or AGL (i.e., NLM or AGL appear in a 040 subfield). MESH and NAL headings meet the BIBCO standard of being derived from "a recognized thesaurus" and bibliographic records containing such headings are eligible for upgrade to PCC status, provided that the record meets all other PCC standards and NLM or AGL appear in a 040 subfield. GPO never verifies or authorizes NLM or AGL headings, neither do these headings undergo authority control processing. They are merely removed or retained locally, per the guideline above.

Other non-LC subject headings may be retained in an OCLC record, but are not included in the corresponding CGP record.   

Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT)

Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT) appear in the 655 fields of bibliographic records. These headings are identified by second indicator “7,” and subfield 2 with value “lcgft.”

GPO adds LCGFTs to original and modified records for Congressionals, cartographic resources, audiovisual resources, and to any other records that describe works for which General genre/form terms are appropriate. These will be included in the OCLC master and local CGP records. For adapted records, any LCGFTs that do not control in OCLC will be removed from the local record (although retained in the OCLC master record).

  1. Catalogers should review LCGFT authority records to ensure accurate application. Genre/form terms are searchable in the Subject Authority File by words/phrases and LCCNs (010) beginning with “gf,” and identifiable by Subject/thesaurus convention (040 ǂf) with “lcgft”:

Subject cataloging image 1

Pay attention to scope notes:

Subject cataloging image 2

  1. Alternatively, catalogers may search for LCGFTs in Classification Web. Many find Classification Web to have superior search, retrieval, and display capability.
  2. Catalogers can enter the term in their bibliographic record in OCLC, by inputting, for example, the following: 655 #7 Topographic maps. Then, the cataloger need only control the heading in OCLC, and the system will supply the subfield 2 with the value “lcgft.”

Adding General LCGFT to Bibliographic Records

The addition of general LCGFT terms augments LCGFT already used for audio-visual, cartographic, and legislative materials. See the table below for a subset of general LCGFT for use with government documents.

Selected terms for use with government documents: 

Commemorative works:

Eulogies
Yearbooks

Illustrated works:

Posters

Creative nonfiction:

Biographies
Blogs

Informational works:

Abstracts
Activity Books
Blogs
Conference materials
Conference papers and proceedings
Databases
Environmental impact statements
Records (Documents)
Annual reports
Census data
Reference works
Bibliographies
Directories
Handbooks and manuals
Statistics
Serial publications
Annual reports
Newsletters
Periodicals
Yearbooks
Land surveys

Derivative works:

Abstracts

Instructional and educational works:

FAQs
Handbooks and manuals
Programmed instructional materials
Recipes

Discursive works:

Interviews
Lectures
Speeches

Recreational works:

Puzzles and games

Ephemera:

Calendars
Conference materials
Newsletters
Posters
Recipes

Tactile works:

Braille books

Background Resources for LCGFT

Genre/Form Headings in the Library of Congress

Introduction to Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials  

Frequently Asked Questions about Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT)  

Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms [via the LC Linked Data site] 

Subject Headings in the Catalog of U.S. Government Publications (CGP) [LSCM LTS full webcast] LCGFT are covered in slide presentation, pages 12-14.   

Adding LCGFT to Cartographic Records

Catalogers should use the following terms for these specific types of maps:

  • Road maps: use for Motor vehicle use maps
  • Nautical charts: use for nautical charts from NOAA and other agencies
  • Quadrangle maps: use for USGS quadrangles.
  • Tourist maps: use for maps from the National Park Service, National Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management and other agencies that show trails, recreation sites, and other features of interest to visitors.
  • Remote sensing maps: use for satellite imagery
  • Topographic maps: see authority record gf2011026697, especially scope note
  • Bathymetric maps: see authority record gf2011026081

Other terms may be used as appropriate.   

Adding LCGFT to Audiovisual Records

Commonly applied LCGFTs for audio-visual resources cataloged by GPO include:

655 _7   |a Internet videos|2 lcgft

655 _7   |a Video recordings for the hearing impaired |2 lcgft

655 _7   |a Sponsored films |2 lcgft

655 _7   |a Public service announcements (Motion pictures)|2 lcgft

655 _7   |a Documentary films |2 lcgft

655 _7   |a Podcasts|2 lcgft

655 _7   |a Radio public service announcements |2 lcgft

655 _7   |a Legislative materials|2 lcgft

655 _7 |a Video recordings |2 lcgft

655 _7 |a Sound recordings|2 lcgft

GPO verifies and authorizes LCGFT in OCLC, when added to or retained in, its local records. LCGFT undergo authority control processing. In some cases, they may be added to bibliographic records. The most common occurrence of this, is when form subdivisions for maps, such as “Maps, Topographic,” that have been removed from LCSH, are encountered in bibliographic records. In such cases, the authority control process substitutes the authorized form subdivision “maps” for the unauthorized one, but adds “Topographic maps” as a completely new LCGFT to the record.

GPO catalogers consult and follow:Frequently Asked Questions about LCGFT and the main menu labeled "Search Genre/Form Terms" in Classification Web.   

Cataloging Guidelines:

  • GPO Cataloging Guidelines: Introduction
    • Cataloging/Metadata Policy-making Process
      • Cataloging Policy and Documentation Committee (CPDC)
      • GPO Cataloging Guidelines Review and Revision Processes
    • GPO Cataloging Guidelines: Organization and Structure
      • Examples
    • List of Standards
      • Bibliographic
      • Classification
      • Other Metadata Schemes
    • Other
      • Cooperative Associations
      • Questions
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Overview
    • Sources
    • Authoritative Status of the Catalog of U.S. Government Publications
      • GPO Records in OCLC and Record Maintenance
    • Scope of Cataloging
    • Cataloging for Title 44 Programs
      • Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP)
      • FDLP Distribution Unknown
      • Cataloging & Indexing Program (C&I)
    • Use of Surrogates for PCC Authentication
      • 300 - Physical Description
      • 588 - Source of Description Note
    • Cataloging/Metadata Encoding Levels Policies
      • 1.0 Purpose
      • 2.0 Background and Related Documents
      • 3.0 Guidelines and Standards Consulted
      • 4.0 Coordination with Collection Development Procedures
      • 5.0 General Principles
    • 6.0 Cataloging Levels Chart
    • Treatment Decisions for Collections and Analytics
      • Factors to consider for the treatment decision
    • Separate Record Policy
      • Current Policy: Separate-Record Approach
      • Previous Policy: Single-Record Approach
      • Policy Changes and Catalog Maintenance
      • Background
      • Procedures
      • Exceptions
    • Original Cataloging
    • Copy Cataloging
      • Adapting PCC Pre-RDA Records
      • Adapting Non-PCC Pre-RDA Records
      • Authenticating Non-PCC Pre-RDA Records as PCC
      • Replacing and Exporting Records
    • GPO Sales Program Information
      • Original Cataloging for Sales Program
      • Copy Cataloging for Sales Program
    • Authority Records
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: General MARC Field Policies
    • Formats, Modes of Issuance, Etc
    • Punctuation
      • PCC Policy on ISBD Punctuation
    • Transcription
    • Fixed Fields
      • ELvl - Encoding Level
      • PCC Level
      • I Level
    • Variable Fields
      • 037 - Source of Acquisition
      • 040 - Cataloging Source
      • 050 - Library of Congress (LC); 060 - National Library of Medicine (NLM); 070 - National Agricultural Library (NAL); 082 - Dewey Decimal Classification and Call Number
      • 100/700 – Personal Name Access Points
      • 100 - Principal Creator – Personal Name
      • 110/111 - Principal Creator - Corporate/Meeting Name
      • 130/240 - Unique Title for Work or Expression
      • 130 - Unique Title for Work or Expression - No Principal Creator Present
      • 240 - Unique Title for Work or Expression - Principal Creator Present
      • 245 - Title Statement and 246 - Varying Form of Title
      • 245 ‡c - Statement of Responsibility (SOR)
      • 246 - Varying Form of Title
      • 250 - Edition Statement
      • 264 (260 in adapted records) - Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice
      • 300 - Physical Description
      • 336 - Content Type, 337 - Media Type, 338 - Carrier Type
      • 490 - Series Statement Field
      • 500, 588 - Title Source, Source of Description Notes
      • 500 - General Note
      • 536 - Funding Information Note
      • 546 - Language Note
      • 6XX - Subject Access Fields
      • 600 – Personal Name Subject
      • 700 - Personal Name Associated with a Work
      • 710/711 - Corporate/Meeting Name Associated with a Work
      • 76X to 78X - Linking Entries
      • 776 - Additional Physical Form Entry
      • 856 - Electronic Location and Access – Historic URLs
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: 074 GPO Item Number
    • Multiparts
    • Item Number Corrections
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: 086 SuDoc Number
    • Sources to Consult
    • Background and General Instructions
    • Multiparts
    • Serials and Integrating Resources
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Monographs
    • Related Chapters/Sections
    • Fixed Fields
      • DtSt: Type of Date/Publication Status
    • Variable Fields
      • 020 – ISBN
      • 037 – Source of Acquisition
      • 088 - Report Numbers
      • 245 ǂc - Statement of Responsibility
      • 250 - Edition Statement
      • 300 - Physical Description
      • 500 - General Note
      • 505 - Formatted Contents Note
      • 520 - Summary, etc.
      • 536 - Funding Information Note
      • 588 - Source of Description Note
    • Related Works and Expressions
      • Related Chapters/Sections
      • Related Resources
      • Related Works and Expressions - Overview
      • Frequently Revised Monographs
      • Language Editions and Translations
      • Revised Editions
      • Summaries
    • Unspecified Relationships and MARC 787
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: 856 Field
    • History
      • PURL Addresses
      • PURL Identifiers
    • PURL Creation and Access
      • Single Part Monographs
      • Multi-Part Monographs and eBooks
      • Continuing Resources
      • Serials
      • Integrating Resources (IR)
      • Live IR
      • Ceased IR
    • Formulating the 856 Electronic Location and Access Field
      • Order of Multiple 856 MARC Fields
      • PURL(s) – 856 40
      • Historic URL – 856 4_
      • Related Resource – 856 42
      • Public Notes – Subfield z
      • Materials Specified Note – Subfield 3
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Selective Registration for ISSN Assignments
      • ISSN Program – General Information
      • ISSN Assignments
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Serials
    • Sources to Consult
    • General Policies, Procedures, and Practices
      • Definition of Serial
      • Cataloging Decision: Monograph vs. Serial and Frequency of Issuance
      • Numbering - Exceptions to the RDA Principle of Transcription, or “Take What You See”
      • Notification of Cataloging Updates via WebTech Notes
      • Notification of LSCM’s Office of Archival Management (OAM) for Serials Harvesting
      • Updating Collections of Serials
    • MARC Fields
      • Leader /17 (Encoding Level) and 042
      • 010 - Library of Congress Control Number
      • 022 - ISSN
      • 050 - Library of Congress Call Number
      • 060 - National Library of Medicine Call Number
      • 070 - National Agricultural Library Call Number
      • 074 - Item Number
      • 082 - Dewey Decimal Classification Number
      • 086 - SuDoc Number
      • 246 - Varying Form of Title
      • 264 - Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice
      • 300 - Physical Description (300 |a )
      • 362, 588, and Any Field Where Designation is Represented
      • 362 - Beginning and/or ending numbering/dates of publication
      • 362 - Determination of Cessation of a Serial When Response from the Publishing Agency is Lacking
      • 500 - Distribution Note
      • 515 - Numbering Peculiarities Note
      • 538 - System Details Note
      • 588 - Source of Description Note
      • 76X--78X - Linking Entry Fields
      • 776 - Additional Physical Form
      • Other Considerations for Linking Entry Fields: Parallel Formats & Works Not Described in Bibliographic Records
      • 856 - Electronic Location and Access
      • Single-record vs. Separate-Record Approach and PURLs
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Integrating Resources: General MARC Field Policies
    • 022 - ISSN
    • 086 - Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs) Stem
      • Classification of Ceased Integrating Resources Being Cataloged for the First Time by GPO
    • 130/240 - Additions to authorized access points representing works
    • 245 - Title
      • Other title information (ǂb)
      • Statement of responsibility (ǂc)
    • 300 – Physical Description
    • 5XX - Notes
      • Order of 5XX notes
      • 588 - Description based on (DBO)/source of title proper note
      • Digital Collections
      • 760-787 – Linking Relationships
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Integrating Resources: FDLP Web Archive Resources
    • Overview
    • For more information
    • MARC Fields
      • ELvl/Srce
      • 040 – Cataloging Source
      • 074/086 - Item Number/Government Document Classification Number
      • 130/240 – Main Entry/Uniform title
      • 246 – Varying Form of Title
      • 247 – Former Title
      • 250 – Edition Statement
      • 264 – Publication/Distribution Statement
      •  336 – Content Type
      • 500 – General Notes
      • 520 – Abstract
      • 588 - Source of Description Note
      • 710 – Added Entry – Corporate Body
      • 773 – Host Item Entry
      •  775 – Other Edition Entry
      • 856 – Electronic Location & Access
      • 955 – Local Note
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Appendix A
    • Appendix A: Bibliographic File Maintenance: Deletion of Records from the CONSER Database
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Appendix B
    • Appendix B: Where to Find Certain CONSER Procedures
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Appendix C
    • Holdings records for serials
      • General Information
      • Holdings Record Policies:
      • Summary Holdings Statements for Serials & IRs
      • Formatting summary holdings statements
      • Holdings Record Resources
    • Item records for serials
      • General Information
      • Item Record Resources
    • Subscription records
      • General information
      • Subscription record resources
    • Prediction patterns
      • General information
      • Prediction Patterns for Regular Serials
      • Prediction Pattern Resources
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Congressional Publications
    • Overview
      • Formats
    • Mode of Issuance - Hearings
    • Encoding Level and PCC Authentication
      • 050 - Library of Congress Call Number
    • 086 – Superintendent of Documents Classification Number
    • 088 - Report Number (House Hearings)
      • Serial Numbers with Committee Designations
      • Serial Numbers without Committee Designations
      • Serial Numbers without Any Designations
    • 1XX – Principal Creator
      • Documents
      • Hearings
      • Prints
      • Reports
    • Other Types of Publications
      • Joint Committee on Taxation
      • 130/240- Unique Title for Work
      • Hearings
      • Reports
    • 245 ǂa – Title Statement
    • 245 ǂb – Remainder of Title
    • 246 - Varying Form of Title
    • 264 - Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice
    • 300 ǂb – Other Physical Details
    • 500 – Serial Number Note
    • 500 – Shipping List Note
    • 504 – Bibliography, etc. Note
    • 505 – Formatted Contents Note
    • Star Prints
      • 050 – Library of Congress Call Number
      • 086 – SuDoc Number
      • 250 – Edition Statement
      • 500 – General Note
    • Addendum/Addenda
      • 086 – SuDoc Number
      • 300 ǂe – Accompanying Material
      • 500 – General Note
      • 856 – PURL
    • Erratum/Errata
      • 086 – SuDoc Number
      • 300 ǂe – Accompanying Material
      • 500 – General Note
      • 856 – PURL
    • Multipart Monographs
      • 500 – General Note
      • 710 – Corporate Name Associated with a Work
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Public and Private Laws
    • Public Laws
    • Private Laws
    • Instructions
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Treaties
    • 074- Item Number
    • 086- SuDoc Number
    • 490 and 830- Series
    • 546 and 041- Language
    • Senate Treaty Document Series (Y 1.1/4:)
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Audiovisual Resources
    • Scope of the Format Visual Resources
    • Definitions of Types of Visual Resources
    • Bibliographic Treatment in the CGP
      • Analytics of Videos
      • Collections of Videos
      • Analytics of Still Images
      • Collections of Still Images
    • MARC Fields for Visual Resources
      • 245
      • 300- Physical Description
      • 655- Genre/Form Terms
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Braille
    • Braille Publications Treated as Serials
    • PCC Authentication
    • Authorized Access Point
    • Edition Statement
    • Language Note
    • Other Edition Entry
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Brochures and Visitor Guides Treated as Books or Continuing Resources
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Cartographic Materials
    • Background and Sources Consulted
    • Brochures and Visitor Guides Treated as Maps
    • BLM Surface/Mineral Management Maps
    • Serial Treatment
    • Encoding Level
    • 086 - SuDoc Number
    • 1XX - Principal Creator
    • 130/240 - Unique Title for Work
    • 245 - Title Statement
    • 255 - Cartographic Mathematical Data
    • 300 - Physical Description
    • 500 - Notes
    • 655 - Genre/Form Term
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Computer Files
    • Procedures to Convert Type "M" (Computer File) Records to Type "A" (Language Material) Records
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: eBooks
    • Overview
    • Disposition of eBooks on CD-ROM
    • MARC Fields
      • 020 – International Standard Book Number
      • 347 – Digital file characteristics
      • 856 – Electronic location and access
      • 955 – Local GPO notes
      • Non-Distributed eBooks
    • Resources to Consult
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Microfiche
    • Current RDA Policies and MARC Fields (February 2015- )
      • Alterations to the Paper Publication
    • MARC Fields
      • Fixed field
      • 007- Physical Description Fixed Field 
      • 074- Item Number 
      • 264- Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice
      • 300- Physical Description
      • 336- Content Type
      • 337- Media Type
      • 338- Carrier Type
      • 500- General Notes
      • 776- Additional Physical Form Entry
    • Overview of Previous Microfiche Policies
      • Early RDA (April 2013-February 2015) 
      • AACR2/LCRI (through March 2013) 
    • Current Procedures for Re-Cataloging Microfiche That Were Previously Described in a Record Utilizing the Single Record Approach
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Technical Reports
    • Identification of Technical Reports
      • Former Practice
      • Current Practice
    • Monograph or Serial
    • Sources of Information
    • Cataloging Instructions
      • Fixed Fields
      • Variable Fields
    • References
  • Name Authorities: Background
    • Instructions to Consult
  • Name Authorities: Policy Overview
    • Personal Names
      • Congressional, CRS, LC Law, and ECIP Publications
      • Other Publications
      • Comprehensive Name Authority Records
      • Brief Name Authority Records
    • Corporate/Conference Names
      • Variant Names
      • Conference Authority Records
      • Programs and Projects
      • Corporate Names for Parks, Forests, Preserves, etc.
    • Works and Expressions
    • Multipart (Collective) Titles
      • Series
      • Series-Like Phrases
    • Places (Jurisdictional Geographic Names)
  • Name Authorities: General Procedures
    • Optional Fields
    • Research in OCLC
      • Personal Names
      • Corporate/Conference Names
    • How Much Research Should Be Performed … ?
    • When to Consult Additional Sources
    • Tips for contacting agencies
  • Name Authorities: General Field Specific Guidelines
    • 043 - Geographic Area Code
    • 1XX and 4XX
    • 4XX – See From Tracing
    • 5XX – See Also From Tracings
    • 670 – Source Data Found
    • 678 - Biographical or Historical Data
    • 781 - Subdivision Linking Entry-Geographic Subdivision
  • Name Authorities: RDA, General Policies
    • Hybrid Records in RDA Name Authority Records (NARs)
    • When to Recode an Existing NAR to RDA
    • How to Recode an Existing NAR from AACR2 to RDA
    • Field Specific Guidelines
      • ǂu and ǂv in the 046 and 3XX optional fields
      • Source of Information: 670 vs. ǂv in the 046 and 3XX optional fields
      • 046 – Special Coded Dates
      • ǂ2 – Source of Term
      • ǂs (start date or start period) and ǂt (end date or end period)
      • 336 - Content Type
      • 368 - Other Attributes of Person or Corporate Body
      • 370 - Associated Place
      • 371 Address
      • 372 - Field of Activity
      • 373 - Associated Group
      • 377 - Associated Language
      • 4XX - See From Tracing
      • 5XX - See Also From Tracings
      • 670 - Source Data Found
      • 678 - Biographical or Historical Data
  • Name Authorities: RDA, Personal Names
    • Procedure for ECIP
    • Procedure for CRS Reports
    • General Instructions
    • 046 – Special Coded Dates (RDA 9.3)
      • ǂs and ǂt in the 046 and 3XX optional fields
    • 100 – Authorized Access Point
      • ǂq – Fuller Form of Name
      • ǂd – Birth and/or Death Date
      • ǂc - Titles and Other Words (Professions) Associated with a Name
    • 368 - Other Attributes of Person or Corporate Body
    • 370 - Associated Place (RDA 9.8-9.11)
    • 371 - Address (RDA 9.12)
    • 372 – Field of Activity (RDA 9.15)
    • 373 – Associated Group (RDA 9.13: Affiliation)
    • 374 – Profession or Occupation (RDA 9.16)
    • 375 – Gender (RDA 9.7)
    • 377 - Language (RDA 9.14)
    • 378 – Fuller Form of Name (RDA 9.5)
    • 400 - See From Tracing-Personal Name
    • 510 - Related Corporate Body
    • 678 - Biographical or Historical Data (RDA 9.17)
  • Name Authorities: RDA, Corporate Names
    • Notes
    • Sources to Consult
    • Before You Begin
    • MARC Fields
      • 110 - Corporate Name
      • 111 - Meeting Name
      • 368 - Other Attributes of Corporate Body, ǂa Type of Corporate Body
      • 370 - Associated Place
      • 372 - Field of Activity
      • 373 - Associated Group (11.5)
      • 410/411 - See From Tracing
      • 410 - See From Tracing - Corporate Name
      • 411 - See From Tracing - Meeting Name
      • 510/511 – See Also From Tracing (Related Corporate/Conference Name)
      • 510 - See Also From Tracing - Corporate Name
      • 667 - Nonpublic General Note
      • 678 - Biographical or Historical Data (11.11)
  • Name Authorities: RDA, Works & Expressions
    • 046 – Special Coded Dates (RDA 6.4 and 6.10)
    • 130 – Authorized Access Point
    • 336 – Content Type (RDA 6.9)
    • 370 – Associated Place (RDA 6.5)
    • 377 – Associated Language (RDA 6.11)
    • 380 – Form of Work (RDA 6.3)
    • 410/430 – Variant Authorized Access Points
    • 667 – Nonpublic General Note
    • 670 – Source Data Found
    • EXEMPLARS
  • Name Authorities: RDA, Places
    • 043 - Geographic Area Code
    • 451 - See From Tracing 
    • 670 - Source Data Found
    • 781 - Subdivision Linking Entry-Geographic Subdivision
  • Name Authorities: AACR2, Corporate Bodies
    • Auth status - 008/33
    • 110 - Corporate Name
    • 111 - Meeting Name
    • 410/411 - Variant Name
    • 5XX - See Also From Tracings
    • 670 - Source Data Found
  • Subject Cataloging: General Policies
    • Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
    • NASA Thesaurus Terms as Subject Headings
    • MESH, NAL, and Other Non-LC Subject Headings
    • Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT)
      • Adding General LCGFT to Bibliographic Records
      • Background Resources for LCGFT
      • Adding LCGFT to Cartographic Records
      • Adding LCGFT to Audiovisual Records
  • Subject Cataloging: Subject Heading Proposals, Background and Tips
    • Tips and Instructions
      • Internet Research
      • SHM Subject Headings Manual
      • Searching Minaret
      • Additional Minaret (Class Web) Tips
      • Scope Notes
      • Use of the Dictionary
      • Use of Wikipedia
      • Use of LCSH as a Thesaurus
    • References  
      • Class Web or Minaret
      • SACO Resources
      • SHM Subject Headings Manual
      • Print Resources
      • Resources for Geographic Proposals
      • Geographic Print Resources
    • Examples of GPO Subject Proposals
  • Subject Cataloging: Subject Heading Proposals, Workflow
    • Submitting SACO Proposals for Internal Review
    • Producing Associated Bib Records; Exporting Subject Authority Records
    • Submitting SACO Proposals to the Library of Congress
    • Updating Aleph Authority File
  • Subject Cataloging: Name vs. Subject Authority File
    • Overview
    • Instructions
  • Subject Cataloging: Name Headings as Subjects
  • Subject Cataloging: Special Topics, Materials, Subdivisions, Etc.
    • Environmental Impact Statements
    • Legal Topics
    • Research
  • Other Metadata Schemes: Dublin Core
  • Other Metadata Schemes: ONIX
  • Glossary
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • G
    • I
    • L
    • M
    • N
    • O
    • P
    • R
    • S
    • T
    • U
    • V
    • W
  • Initialisms and Acronyms
  • List of Major Changes to the Cataloging Guidelines
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