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  1. Home
  2. GPO Cataloging Guidelines
  3. Subject Cataloging: Subject Heading Proposals, Background and Tips

Subject Cataloging: Subject Heading Proposals, Background and Tips

  • Last Updated: May 27, 2022
  • Published: November 12, 2021

GPO proposes new subject authority records, and changes to existing ones, according to the instructions in the Library of Congress' (LC) Subject Headings Manual (SHM).If a subject heading is needed for the resource cataloged, that is not found in OCLC's subject authority file, or if the heading is found but requires additional authority work, such as the addition of cross-references, the cataloger creates a new or change subject proposal in LC's Classification Web system, following SACO procedures. The new proposed subject heading may be entered in the bibliographic record before being approved by LC, as long as the record is entered at level I, and not at the PCC level. If catalogers are not sure whether to make a proposal or not, they should ask the SACO liaison before beginning any work.

Tips and Instructions

Internet Research

When researching the Internet for sources, a cataloger will frequently find links in one source that will lead him/her to other sources. This is good. Don't forget to circle back to the original source and close the loop, picking up other links that are found there if necessary.

Example

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_nose_syndrome: click on "References." Note the high quality of many of these sources (the second reference = the journal, Science).

After linking to one of these sources, the cataloger will want to return to this page, in order to research other sources found there. One method is to open a second tab or window, always keeping this bibliography open in the first window or tab, so that the cataloger can always return to the original "jumping off point."

SHM Subject Headings Manual

Catalogers should utilize the search function and index, in addition to the table of contents and/or opening the relevant sections. For example, if you are proposing a specific riot, look up "riots." If you are proposing a specific fire, look up "fires."

Searching Minaret

For searching, catalogers must use Minaret (Class Web), as opposed to, or in addition to, OCLC. This is because Minaret is the most up-to-date system, and includes subject proposals. OCLC is not as current, and lacks subject proposals. Catalogers may search OCLC if they are more comfortable with its interface and features, but they then must still additionally search Minaret.

Do NOT search: http://authorities.loc.gov/.

When searching in Minaret, select "Browse and Propose a Change to an Existing Record" from the Subject Heading Proposal Menu. This will search both approved and proposed subjects in one search. It is the only selection needed for all searching in the Minaret system. Please use the instructions below as a supplement to those listed in the References section below.

  1. This will put you into a left-anchored Browse search. Use this when desired. Otherwise, select the "Search" button at the top left.
  2. Then, unless you are searching for a record number, search by either "Keyword" for greater retrieval, or by "Subject Heading" to browse the indexes for references (4XXs, 5XXs) and headings (1XXs). Note: searching by "Subject Heading" will perform left-anchored searches, while searching by "Keyword" will search all positions of these tracings (1XXs, 4XXs, 5XXs).
  3. When you are ready to perform a new search, select the "Reset" button at the top, second from the left.
  4. After viewing a MARC Record, select the "Close" button at the top, second from the left.

Additional Minaret (Class Web) Tips

  1. When searching, a useful method is to retrieve a list of related subject headings by searching a broader term (BT).
  2. For entering diacritics for degree, minutes, and seconds in the 670 field of Geographic subject proposals: copy and paste from the 670 field of an approved record (with an LCCN beginning with "sh") in Minaret. For other diacritics, copy and paste from OCLC or Aleph.

Examples of records to copy and paste from:

Examples

sh2013000196: 151  Crater Range (Ariz.)

sh2013000911: 151  Mattawoman Creek (Md.)

sh2013000374: 151  Qijiawan River (Taiwan)

sh2013000378: 151  Calawah River (Wash.)

  1. Use the dollar sign ($) for the delimiter symbol in the tracings (1XX, 4XX, 5XX) and 67X fields.
  2. When entering a heading with one or more subdivisions in the 952 (Note) field, do not input the delimiter symbol or letter. Instead, connect the subdivisions with a dash, e.g.: Small business—Finance. If you input the dollar sign ($) for the delimiter symbol in the 952 field, the system will remove it plus all subsequent text from the 952 field.
  3. When placing your different categories of references (Used For (UFs), Broader Terms (BTs), and Related Terms (RTs)) in alphabetical order, use the filing rule that "nothing comes before something." If you consider a space to be "nothing," then:

450    EV charging stations

450    EVSE

  1. Bibliographic File Maintenance (BFM) in the proposal form is optional. This is the 952 field that says "Bib. records to be changed:" You need not research this. If you happen to come across LC records which would require BFM (Bibliographic File Maintenance) due to your proposal, you may enter these, since they are readily available. In certain situations, this may improve the chances of your proposal being approved.
  2. While inputting your proposal in the Minaret system, you may wish to save at least every hour, in order to avoid timing out and losing your data. To initially obtain the LCCN (sp number), select "Save" or "Save and Close" if using Mozilla Firefox, but only select "Save" if using Internet Explorer.
  3. Update and resave your proposal in Minaret as often as you like. Keep a record of your sp number. However, once you email LC, you may no longer update your proposal.

Scope Notes

Include a scope note in your proposal whenever appropriate. This will improve the likelihood of obtaining full approval, without the proposal being returned for further revision.

Use of the Dictionary

Utilize Webster's Third New International Dictionary (Web. 3) whenever there is a chance that your term(s) may be found there. If not found, enter "Web. 3" in the 675 field of your proposal.

Use of Wikipedia

You may consult and cite Wikipedia as a source. However, always try to use other sources in addition to it. For topics of a current nature that have not yet found their way into the literature, Wikipedia and online newspapers/news services may be your only relevant sources. For discipline-specific topics, such as those in medicine, biology, agriculture, engineering, computer science, geography, etc., you are better off consulting discipline-specific government and private sources rather than Wikipedia. In these cases, the list of references in a Wikipedia article, may still come in handy, by leading you to journal articles and other relevant sources.  

Use of LCSH as a Thesaurus

LCSH, as a thesaurus, has a practical bent, and is based on actual usage rather than on exact technical definitions, differences in definitions, "accepted" terms vs. variant terms, etc., which might exist, but perhaps not have entered into common use. For examples of this, see the following records:

Examples
  1.  Medical records—Data processing sh85083013
  2.  Interstitial cystitis sh90000763

From the work cataloged for this record: "Because IC varies so much in symptoms and severity, most researchers believe it is not one, but several diseases. In recent years, scientists have started to use the terms bladder pain syndrome (BPS) or painful bladder syndrome (PBS) to describe cases with painful urinary symptoms that may not meet the strictest definition of IC. The term IC/PBS includes all cases of urinary pain that can't be attributed to other causes, such as infection or urinary stones. The term interstitial cystitis, or IC, is used alone when describing cases that meet all of the IC criteria established by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."

The decision was made to ignore the indications in the paragraph above, that "painful bladder syndrome" is different than "Interstitial cystitis," albeit closely related. Instead, "painful bladder syndrome" was added as a UF reference for "interstitial cystitis," in agreement with other sources.

  1. Gaura neomexicana   sh2013001721

670 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), June 5, 2013: $b (Oenothera coloradensis ssp. neomexicana, synonyms: Gaura neomexicana, New Mexico beeblossom)

In the source cited above, Oenothera coloradensis ssp. neomexicana is identified as the "accepted name," while "Gaura neomexicana" is identified as a "synonym (not accepted)." However, the decision was made to take the "accepted name" with a grain of salt, since it seems less common than the name found in the other sources. Therefore, this "accepted name" was entered as a variant (UF).   

References  

Class Web or Minaret

  • Classification Web (Class Web) or Minaret
  • Instructions for Using the Minaret System 
  • Making a New SACO Proposal 
  • Making a SACO Proposed Change
  • Searching and Editing a SACO Proposal  

SACO Resources

  • SACO homepage 
  • Web Resources for SACO Proposals
  • SACO Participants' Manual
  • SHM H 405 Group One & Group Two lists
  • Tips for Making Successful Subject Proposals, by Janis L. Young
    • Handout
    • Presentation
  • Basic Subject Cataloging Using LCSH
    • Paul Frank taught this two day Workshop at GPO in 2011. The last section is on making SACO proposals. Participants received a binder.
  • SACO Proposal Research Demonstrations (GPO internal training material)

SHM Subject Headings Manual

These selected sections comprise basic training, to be completed by catalogers before making their first subject heading proposal.

  • Under "Making Subject Heading Proposals"
    • H 187
    • H 200: numbers 3-21
    • H 202
    • H 203
  • Under "Formulating Subject Headings"
    • H 285
    • H 290
    • H 306
    • Just note the titles of the other instruction sheets in this section, from H 310—H 364
  • Under "References"
    • H 370
    • H 371
    • H 373
    • H 374    
    • H 375
    • H 400 (Scope Notes)
  • SHM H 405 Name vs. Subject Authority File
  • In SHM, open up the following sections, and simply note the titles of the instruction sheets within:
    • Geographic Headings and Subdivisions
    • Subdivisions Controlled by Pattern Headings
    • Special Topics, Materials, Subdivisions, etc.  

Print Resources

  • Webster's Third New International Dictionary (Web. 3)
  • National Register of Historic Places
  • Various discipline specific dictionaries, thesauri, etc.  

Resources for Geographic Proposals

  • Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) (See SHM H 203 for citation method)
  • GEOnet Names Server  (also available from: https://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/ (See SHM H 203 for citation method)
  • Janis Young's "Proposing New and Revised Geographic Subject Headings Webinar: Presentation"
  • Janis Young's "Proposing New and Revised Geographic Subject Headings Webinar: Exercise Answer Key"
  • Janis Young's "Proposing New and Revised Geographic Subject Headings Webinar: Selected Online Geographic Reference Sources"
  • GPO participated in this webinar by Janis Young (above) in May  2013. It is suggested that catalogers retain the handouts, notes, and exercises from this webinar in a separate folder for Geographic Subject Headings. These will direct catalogers to the relevant SHM instruction sheets.
  • SHM section: Geographic Headings and Subdivisions
  • National Wildlife Refuge System
  • Annual report of lands under control of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
  • National Parks Index  (also available from: http://www.nps.gov/aboutus/parksindex.htm)  

Geographic Print Resources

  • National Register of Historic Places
  • Columbia Gazetteer of the World, 1998
  • Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 3rd edition
  • Rand McNally ... commercial atlas & marketing guide
  • Rand McNally's The New International Atlas
  • The Times Atlas of the World  

Examples of GPO Subject Proposals

  • White-nose syndrome sh2009010759
  • Wallow Fire, 2011 sh2012002192
  • Robotic exoskeletons sh2010011967
  • Battery charging stations (Electric vehicles) sh2012003590
  • Chemicals
    • Butoxyethanol acetate sh2009009283
    • Aluminum oxynitride spinel sh2011002508
  • Drugs
    • Dextromethorphan sh2007010731
    • Rosiglitazone sh2009002732
  • Buildings
    • William T. Trant Post Office Building (Westfield, Mass.)  sh2012002551
  • Geographics
    • Namonuito Islands (Micronesia) sh2012000694
    • Carroll Creek (Ala.) sh2012000461
    • Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge sh2012001808  

Cataloging Guidelines:

  • GPO Cataloging Guidelines: Introduction
    • Cataloging/Metadata Policy-making Process
      • Cataloging Policy and Documentation Committee (CPDC)
      • GPO Cataloging Guidelines Review and Revision Processes
    • GPO Cataloging Guidelines: Organization and Structure
      • Examples
    • List of Standards
      • Bibliographic
      • Classification
      • Other Metadata Schemes
    • Other
      • Cooperative Associations
      • Questions
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Overview
    • Sources
    • Authoritative Status of the Catalog of U.S. Government Publications
      • GPO Records in OCLC and Record Maintenance
    • Scope of Cataloging
    • Cataloging for Title 44 Programs
      • Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP)
      • FDLP Distribution Unknown
      • Cataloging & Indexing Program (C&I)
    • Use of Surrogates for PCC Authentication
      • 300 - Physical Description
      • 588 - Source of Description Note
    • Cataloging/Metadata Encoding Levels Policies
      • 1.0 Purpose
      • 2.0 Background and Related Documents
      • 3.0 Guidelines and Standards Consulted
      • 4.0 Coordination with Collection Development Procedures
      • 5.0 General Principles
    • 6.0 Cataloging Levels Chart
    • Treatment Decisions for Collections and Analytics
      • Factors to consider for the treatment decision
    • Separate Record Policy
      • Current Policy: Separate-Record Approach
      • Previous Policy: Single-Record Approach
      • Policy Changes and Catalog Maintenance
      • Background
      • Procedures
      • Exceptions
    • Original Cataloging
    • Copy Cataloging
      • Adapting PCC Pre-RDA Records
      • Adapting Non-PCC Pre-RDA Records
      • Authenticating Non-PCC Pre-RDA Records as PCC
      • Replacing and Exporting Records
    • GPO Sales Program Information
      • Original Cataloging for Sales Program
      • Copy Cataloging for Sales Program
    • Authority Records
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: General MARC Field Policies
    • Formats, Modes of Issuance, Etc
    • Punctuation
    • PCC Policy on ISBD Punctuation
    • Transcription
    • Fixed Fields
      • ELvl - Encoding Level
      • PCC Level
      • I Level
    • Variable Fields
      • 037 - Source of Acquisition
      • 040 - Cataloging Source
      • 050 - Library of Congress (LC); 060 - National Library of Medicine (NLM); 070 - National Agricultural Library (NAL); 082 - Dewey Decimal Classification and Call Number
      • 100/700 – Personal Name Access Points
      • 100 - Principal Creator – Personal Name
      • 110/111 - Principal Creator - Corporate/Meeting Name
      • 130/240 - Unique Title for Work or Expression
      • 130 - Unique Title for Work or Expression - No Principal Creator Present
      • 240 - Unique Title for Work or Expression - Principal Creator Present
      • 245 - Title Statement and 246 - Varying Form of Title
      • 245 ‡c - Statement of Responsibility (SOR)
      • 246 - Varying Form of Title
      • 250 - Edition Statement
      • 264 (260 in adapted records) - Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice
      • 300 - Physical Description
      • 336 - Content Type, 337 - Media Type, 338 - Carrier Type
      • 490 - Series Statement Field
      • 500, 588 - Title Source, Source of Description Notes
      • 500 - General Note
      • 536 - Funding Information Note
      • 546 - Language Note
      • 6XX - Subject Access Fields
      • 600 – Personal Name Subject
      • 700 - Personal Name Associated with a Work
      • 710/711 - Corporate/Meeting Name Associated with a Work
      • 76X to 78X - Linking Entries
      • 776 - Additional Physical Form Entry
      • 856 - Electronic Location and Access – Historic URLs
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: 074 GPO Item Number
    • Multiparts
    • Item Number Corrections
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: 086 SuDoc Number
    • Sources to Consult
    • Background and General Instructions
    • Multiparts
    • Serials and Integrating Resources
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Monographs
    • Related Chapters/Sections
    • Fixed Fields
    • DtSt: Type of Date/Publication Status
    • Variable Fields
    • 020 – ISBN
    • 037 – Source of Acquisition
    • 088 - Report Numbers
    • Types of Numbers NOT Recorded in the 088 Field
    • Mail Stop and Routing Codes
    • 245 ǂc - Statement of Responsibility
    • 250 - Edition Statement
    • 300 - Physical Description
    • ǂa – Extent, Complicated or Irregular Paging
    • ǂa – Multipart Monographs
    • ǂa – Sheets
    • ǂe - Accompanying material
    • 500 - General Note
    • 500 – Title Source Note
    • Report Numbers
    • Sales Information Notes
    • Errata
    • Shipping List Notes
    • Multipart Monographs
    • 505 - Formatted Contents Note
    • 520 - Summary, etc.
    • 536 - Funding Information Note
    • 588 - Source of Description Note
    • Single-part Online Monographs Examples
    • Multipart Monographs Examples
    • Related Works and Expressions
    • Related Chapters/Sections
    • Related Resources
    • Related Works and Expressions - Overview
    • Frequently Revised Monographs
    • Language Editions and Translations
    • Language editions
    • Parallel text edition
    • Translations
    • Multipart Monographs
    • Analytical Access Point(s)
    • Revised Editions
    • Definition / Context
    • Precataloging Decision-making
    • Logistical Note for Bibliographic File Maintenance for Multiple Editions
    • Detailed Instructions and Examples for Revised Editions
      • Question 1: Is the revision a new expression or a new work?
      • Question 2: What is the appropriate construction of the authorized access point for the revision?
    • New Expression – Revision and earlier edition share all common authorized access point elements
    • New Expression – Revision with different title proper
    • New Expression – Revision’s authorized access point constructed according to a different descriptive convention
    • New Work – Revised edition with a new primary author
    • New Work – Revised editions with the same title proper and primary author (or editor) and new content
    • Ambiguous Status – Appearance of additional authors
    • Summaries
    • Summary included within resource being cataloged
    • Summary separate from resource being cataloged
    • Unspecified Relationships and MARC 787
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Selective Registration for ISSN Assignments
      • ISSN Program – General Information
      • ISSN Assignments
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Serials
    • Sources to Consult
    • General Policies, Procedures, and Practices
      • Definition of Serial
      • Cataloging Decision: Monograph vs. Serial and Frequency of Issuance
      • Numbering - Exceptions to the RDA Principle of Transcription, or “Take What You See”
      • Notification of Cataloging Updates via WebTech Notes
      • Notification of LSCM’s Office of Archival Management (OAM) for Serials Harvesting
      • Updating Collections of Serials
    • MARC Fields
      • Leader /17 (Encoding Level) and 042
      • 010 - Library of Congress Control Number
      • 022 - ISSN
      • 050 - Library of Congress Call Number
      • 060 - National Library of Medicine Call Number
      • 070 - National Agricultural Library Call Number
      • 074 - Item Number
      • 082 - Dewey Decimal Classification Number
      • 086 - SuDoc Number
      • 246 - Varying Form of Title
      • 264 - Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice
      • 300 - Physical Description (300 |a )
      • 362, 588, and Any Field Where Designation is Represented
      • 362 - Beginning and/or ending numbering/dates of publication
      • 362 - Determination of Cessation of a Serial When Response from the Publishing Agency is Lacking
      • 500 - Distribution Note
      • 515 - Numbering Peculiarities Note
      • 538 - System Details Note
      • 588 - Source of Description Note
      • 76X--78X - Linking Entry Fields
      • 776 - Additional Physical Form
      • Other Considerations for Linking Entry Fields: Parallel Formats & Works Not Described in Bibliographic Records
      • 856 - Electronic Location and Access
      • Single-record vs. Separate-Record Approach and PURLs
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Integrating Resources: General MARC Field Policies
    • 022 - ISSN
    • 086 - Superintendent of Documents (SuDocs) Stem
      • Classification of Ceased Integrating Resources Being Cataloged for the First Time by GPO
    • 130/240 - Additions to authorized access points representing works
    • 245 - Title
      • Other title information (ǂb)
      • Statement of responsibility (ǂc)
    • 300 – Physical Description
    • 5XX - Notes
      • Order of 5XX notes
      • 588 - Description based on (DBO)/source of title proper note
      • Digital Collections
      • 760-787 – Linking Relationships
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Integrating Resources: FDLP Web Archive Resources
    • Overview
    • For more information
    • MARC Fields
      • ELvl/Srce
      • 040 – Cataloging Source
      • 074/086 - Item Number/Government Document Classification Number
      • 130/240 – Main Entry/Uniform title
      • 246 – Varying Form of Title
      • 247 – Former Title
      • 250 – Edition Statement
      • 264 – Publication/Distribution Statement
      •  336 – Content Type
      • 500 – General Notes
      • 520 – Abstract
      • 588 - Source of Description Note
      • 710 – Added Entry – Corporate Body
      • 773 – Host Item Entry
      •  775 – Other Edition Entry
      • 856 – Electronic Location & Access
      • 955 – Local Note
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Appendix A
    • Appendix A: Bibliographic File Maintenance: Deletion of Records from the CONSER Database
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Appendix B
    • Appendix B: Where to Find Certain CONSER Procedures
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Continuing Resources: Appendix C
    • Holdings records for serials
      • General Information
      • Holdings Record Policies:
      • Summary Holdings Statements for Serials & IRs
      • Formatting summary holdings statements
      • Holdings Record Resources
    • Item records for serials
      • General Information
      • Item Record Resources
    • Subscription records
      • General information
      • Subscription record resources
    • Prediction patterns
      • General information
      • Prediction Patterns for Regular Serials
      • Prediction Pattern Resources
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Congressional Publications
    • Overview
      • Formats
    • Mode of Issuance - Hearings
    • Encoding Level and PCC Authentication
      • 050 - Library of Congress Call Number
    • 086 – Superintendent of Documents Classification Number
    • 088 - Report Number (House Hearings)
      • Serial Numbers with Committee Designations
      • Serial Numbers without Committee Designations
      • Serial Numbers without Any Designations
    • 1XX – Principal Creator
      • Documents
      • Hearings
      • Prints
      • Reports
    • Other Types of Publications
      • Joint Committee on Taxation
      • 130/240- Unique Title for Work
      • Hearings
      • Reports
    • 245 ǂa – Title Statement
    • 245 ǂb – Remainder of Title
    • 246 - Varying Form of Title
    • 264 - Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice
    • 300 ǂb – Other Physical Details
    • 500 – Serial Number Note
    • 500 – Shipping List Note
    • 504 – Bibliography, etc. Note
    • 505 – Formatted Contents Note
    • Star Prints
      • 050 – Library of Congress Call Number
      • 086 – SuDoc Number
      • 250 – Edition Statement
      • 500 – General Note
    • Addendum/Addenda
      • 086 – SuDoc Number
      • 300 ǂe – Accompanying Material
      • 500 – General Note
      • 856 – PURL
    • Erratum/Errata
      • 086 – SuDoc Number
      • 300 ǂe – Accompanying Material
      • 500 – General Note
      • 856 – PURL
    • Multipart Monographs
      • 500 – General Note
      • 710 – Corporate Name Associated with a Work
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Public and Private Laws
    • Public Laws
    • Private Laws
    • Instructions
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Treaties
    • 074- Item Number
    • 086- SuDoc Number
    • 490 and 830- Series
    • 546 and 041- Language
    • Senate Treaty Document Series (Y 1.1/4:)
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Audiovisual Resources
    • Scope of the Format Visual Resources
    • Definitions of Types of Visual Resources
    • Bibliographic Treatment in the CGP
      • Analytics of Videos
      • Collections of Videos
      • Analytics of Still Images
      • Collections of Still Images
    • MARC Fields for Visual Resources
      • 245
      • 300- Physical Description
      • 655- Genre/Form Terms
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Braille
    • Braille Publications Treated as Serials
    • PCC Authentication
    • Authorized Access Point
    • Edition Statement
    • Language Note
    • Other Edition Entry
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Brochures and Visitor Guides Treated as Books or Continuing Resources
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Cartographic Materials
    • Background and Sources Consulted
    • Brochures and Visitor Guides Treated as Maps
    • BLM Surface/Mineral Management Maps
    • Serial Treatment
    • Encoding Level
    • 086 - SuDoc Number
    • 1XX - Principal Creator
    • 130/240 - Unique Title for Work
    • 245 - Title Statement
    • 255 - Cartographic Mathematical Data
    • 300 - Physical Description
    • 500 - Notes
    • 655 - Genre/Form Term
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Computer Files
    • Procedures to Convert Type "M" (Computer File) Records to Type "A" (Language Material) Records
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: eBooks
    • Overview
    • Disposition of eBooks on CD-ROM
    • MARC Fields
      • 020 – International Standard Book Number
      • 347 – Digital file characteristics
      • 856 – Electronic location and access
      • 955 – Local GPO notes
      • Non-Distributed eBooks
    • Resources to Consult
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Microfiche
    • Current RDA Policies and MARC Fields (February 2015- )
      • Alterations to the Paper Publication
    • MARC Fields
      • Fixed field
      • 007- Physical Description Fixed Field 
      • 074- Item Number 
      • 264- Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice
      • 300- Physical Description
      • 336- Content Type
      • 337- Media Type
      • 338- Carrier Type
      • 500- General Notes
      • 776- Additional Physical Form Entry
    • Overview of Previous Microfiche Policies
      • Early RDA (April 2013-February 2015) 
      • AACR2/LCRI (through March 2013) 
    • Current Procedures for Re-Cataloging Microfiche That Were Previously Described in a Record Utilizing the Single Record Approach
  • Bibliographic Cataloging: Technical Reports
    • Identification of Technical Reports
      • Former Practice
      • Current Practice
    • Monograph or Serial
    • Sources of Information
    • Cataloging Instructions
      • Fixed Fields
    • Variable Fields
      • General Guidance on Special Technical Report Fields
      • 027 – Standard Technical Report Number
      • 513 – Type of Report and Period Covered Note
      • 536 – Funding Information Note 
    • References
  • Name Authorities: Background
    • Instructions to Consult
  • Name Authorities: Policy Overview
    • Personal Names
      • Congressional, CRS, LC Law, and ECIP Publications
      • Other Publications
      • Comprehensive Name Authority Records
      • Brief Name Authority Records
    • Corporate/Conference Names
      • Variant Names
      • Conference Authority Records
      • Programs and Projects
      • Corporate Names for Parks, Forests, Preserves, etc.
    • Works and Expressions
    • Multipart (Collective) Titles
      • Series
      • Series-Like Phrases
    • Places (Jurisdictional Geographic Names)
  • Name Authorities: General Procedures
    • Optional Fields
    • Research in OCLC
      • Personal Names
      • Corporate/Conference Names
    • How Much Research Should Be Performed … ?
    • When to Consult Additional Sources
    • Tips for contacting agencies
  • Name Authorities: General Field Specific Guidelines
    • 043 - Geographic Area Code
    • 1XX and 4XX
    • 4XX – See From Tracing
    • 5XX – See Also From Tracings
    • 670 – Source Data Found
    • 678 - Biographical or Historical Data
    • 781 - Subdivision Linking Entry-Geographic Subdivision
  • Name Authorities: RDA, General Policies
    • Hybrid Records in RDA Name Authority Records (NARs)
    • When to Recode an Existing NAR to RDA
    • How to Recode an Existing NAR from AACR2 to RDA
    • Field Specific Guidelines
      • ǂu and ǂv in the 046 and 3XX optional fields
      • Source of Information: 670 vs. ǂv in the 046 and 3XX optional fields
      • 046 – Special Coded Dates
      • ǂ2 – Source of Term
      • ǂs (start date or start period) and ǂt (end date or end period)
      • 336 - Content Type
      • 368 - Other Attributes of Person or Corporate Body
      • 370 - Associated Place
      • 371 Address
      • 372 - Field of Activity
      • 373 - Associated Group
      • 377 - Associated Language
      • 4XX - See From Tracing
      • 5XX - See Also From Tracings
      • 670 - Source Data Found
      • 678 - Biographical or Historical Data
  • Name Authorities: RDA, Personal Names
    • Procedure for ECIP
    • Procedure for CRS Reports
    • General Instructions
    • 046 – Special Coded Dates (RDA 9.3)
      • ǂs and ǂt in the 046 and 3XX optional fields
    • 100 – Authorized Access Point
      • ǂq – Fuller Form of Name
      • ǂd – Birth and/or Death Date
      • ǂc - Titles and Other Words (Professions) Associated with a Name
    • 368 - Other Attributes of Person or Corporate Body
    • 370 - Associated Place (RDA 9.8-9.11)
    • 371 - Address (RDA 9.12)
    • 372 – Field of Activity (RDA 9.15)
    • 373 – Associated Group (RDA 9.13: Affiliation)
    • 374 – Profession or Occupation (RDA 9.16)
    • 375 – Gender (RDA 9.7)
    • 377 - Language (RDA 9.14)
    • 378 – Fuller Form of Name (RDA 9.5)
    • 400 - See From Tracing-Personal Name
    • 510 - Related Corporate Body
    • 678 - Biographical or Historical Data (RDA 9.17)
  • Name Authorities: RDA, Corporate Names
    • Notes
    • Sources to Consult
    • Before You Begin
    • MARC Fields
      • 110 - Corporate Name
      • 111 - Meeting Name
      • 368 - Other Attributes of Corporate Body, ǂa Type of Corporate Body
      • 370 - Associated Place
      • 372 - Field of Activity
      • 373 - Associated Group (11.5)
      • 410/411 - See From Tracing
      • 410 - See From Tracing - Corporate Name
      • 411 - See From Tracing - Meeting Name
      • 510/511 – See Also From Tracing (Related Corporate/Conference Name)
      • 510 - See Also From Tracing - Corporate Name
      • 667 - Nonpublic General Note
      • 678 - Biographical or Historical Data (11.11)
  • Name Authorities: RDA, Works & Expressions
    • 046 – Special Coded Dates (RDA 6.4 and 6.10)
    • 130 – Authorized Access Point
    • 336 – Content Type (RDA 6.9)
    • 370 – Associated Place (RDA 6.5)
    • 377 – Associated Language (RDA 6.11)
    • 380 – Form of Work (RDA 6.3)
    • 410/430 – Variant Authorized Access Points
    • 667 – Nonpublic General Note
    • 670 – Source Data Found
    • EXEMPLARS
  • Name Authorities: RDA, Places
    • 043 - Geographic Area Code
    • 451 - See From Tracing 
    • 670 - Source Data Found
    • 781 - Subdivision Linking Entry-Geographic Subdivision
  • Name Authorities: AACR2, Corporate Bodies
    • Auth status - 008/33
    • 110 - Corporate Name
    • 111 - Meeting Name
    • 410/411 - Variant Name
    • 5XX - See Also From Tracings
    • 670 - Source Data Found
  • Subject Cataloging: General Policies
    • Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
    • NASA Thesaurus Terms as Subject Headings
    • MESH, NAL, and Other Non-LC Subject Headings
    • Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT)
      • Adding General LCGFT to Bibliographic Records
      • Background Resources for LCGFT
      • Adding LCGFT to Cartographic Records
      • Adding LCGFT to Audiovisual Records
  • Subject Cataloging: Subject Heading Proposals, Background and Tips
    • Tips and Instructions
      • Internet Research
      • SHM Subject Headings Manual
      • Searching Minaret
      • Additional Minaret (Class Web) Tips
      • Scope Notes
      • Use of the Dictionary
      • Use of Wikipedia
      • Use of LCSH as a Thesaurus
    • References  
      • Class Web or Minaret
      • SACO Resources
      • SHM Subject Headings Manual
      • Print Resources
      • Resources for Geographic Proposals
      • Geographic Print Resources
    • Examples of GPO Subject Proposals
  • Subject Cataloging: Subject Heading Proposals, Workflow
    • Submitting SACO Proposals for Internal Review
    • Producing Associated Bib Records; Exporting Subject Authority Records
    • Submitting SACO Proposals to the Library of Congress
    • Updating Aleph Authority File
  • Subject Cataloging: Name vs. Subject Authority File
    • Overview
    • Instructions
  • Subject Cataloging: Name Headings as Subjects
  • Subject Cataloging: Special Topics, Materials, Subdivisions, Etc.
    • Environmental Impact Statements
    • Legal Topics
    • Research
  • Other Metadata Schemes: Dublin Core
  • Other Metadata Schemes: ONIX
  • Glossary
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • G
    • I
    • L
    • M
    • N
    • O
    • P
    • R
    • S
    • T
    • U
    • V
    • W
  • Initialisms and Acronyms
  • List of Major Changes to the Cataloging Guidelines
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